---
title: 2 Kings 19:23 (JPS 1917) — By the messengers thou hast taunted the Lord, and hast said: With th… · tree and pragmatics
description: By the messengers thou hast taunted the Lord, and hast said: With the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the innermost parts of Lebanon; and I have cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice cypresses thereof; and I have entered into his farthest lodge, th
---

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# 2 Kings 19:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
By the messengers thou hast taunted the Lord, and hast said: With the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the innermost parts of Lebanon; and I have cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice cypresses thereof; and I have entered into his farthest lodge, the forest of his fruitful field.

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**Who acts:** thou, I · **What happens:** taunt, say, come up, cut down, enter · **To what, where:** Lord, height, tall cedars, farthest lodge · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 19:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:614
# text = By the messengers thou hast taunted the Lord, and hast said: With the multitude of my chariots am I come up to the height of the mountains, to the innermost parts of Lebanon; and I have cut down the tall cedars thereof, and the choice cypresses thereof; and I have entered into his farthest lodge, the forest of his fruitful field.
1	By	by	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	obl	_	_
4	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
5	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	taunted	taunt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
11	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
12	said	say	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
13	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
14	With	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	19	nmod:poss	_	_
19	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
20	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
21	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	22	nsubj	_	_
22	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	12	ccomp	_	_
23	up	up	ADV	RB	_	22	advmod	_	_
24	to	to	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	height	height	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	obl	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
33	innermost	innermost	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	parts	part	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	nmod	_	_
37	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
38	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
39	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
40	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux	_	_
41	cut	cut	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
42	down	down	ADP	RP	_	41	compound:prt	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
44	tall	tall	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	45	amod	_	_
45	cedars	cedar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
46	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	45	advmod	_	_
47	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	51	punct	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	51	cc	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
50	choice	choice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	51	amod	_	_
51	cypresses	cypress	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	45	conj	_	_
52	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	51	advmod	_	_
53	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	57	punct	_	_
54	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	57	cc	_	_
55	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	57	nsubj	_	_
56	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	57	aux	_	_
57	entered	enter	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	conj	_	_
58	into	into	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
59	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	61	nmod:poss	_	_
60	farthest	far	ADJ	JJS	Degree=Sup	61	amod	_	_
61	lodge	lodge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	57	obl	_	_
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	64	punct	_	_
63	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	64	det	_	_
64	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	appos	_	_
65	of	of	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
66	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	68	nmod:poss	_	_
67	fruitful	fruitful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	68	amod	_	_
68	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	64	nmod	_	_
69	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed polarity=none, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **taunt** | present · perfect | thou | the Lord |  |  |  | by the messengers | vn bully-59.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lord=Patient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | thou *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come up** | present · passive | I |  |  | the height of the mountains |  | with the multitude of my chariots; to the innermost parts of Lebanon | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to height=Initial\_Location to part=Destination |
| 4 | **cut down** | present · perfect | I | the tall cedars and the choice cypresses |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent cedar=Product |
| 5 | **enter** | present · perfect | I |  |  | LORD's farthest lodge |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-2 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme into lodge=Initial\_Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
בְּיַ֣ד מַלְאָכֶיךָ֮ חֵרַ֣פְתָּ ׀ אֲדֹנָי֒ וַתֹּ֗אמֶר בְּרֹ֥ב רִכְבִּ֛י אֲנִ֥י עָלִ֛יתִי מְר֥וֹם הָרִ֖ים יַרְכְּתֵ֣י לְבָנ֑וֹן וְאֶכְרֹ֞ת קוֹמַ֤ת אֲרָזָיו֙ מִבְח֣וֹר בְּרֹשָׁ֔יו וְאָב֙וֹאָה֙ מְל֣וֹן קִצֹּ֔היַ֖עַר כַּרְמִלּֽוֹ׃

[2 Kings 19:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:614` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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