---
title: 2 Kings 19:26 (JPS 1917) — Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it is grown up. Who acts: inhabitants, corn. 2 Kings 19:26 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree an
---

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# 2 Kings 19:26 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it is grown up.

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**Who acts:** inhabitants, corn · **What happens:** be, dismay, confound, blast, grow up · **To what, where:** inhabitants, corn

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 19:26 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (inhabitants, corn), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:617
# text = Therefore their inhabitants were of small power, they were dismayed and confounded; they were as the grass of the field, and as the green herb, as the grass on the housetops, and as corn blasted before it is grown up.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	inhabitants	inhabitant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	nsubj	_	_
4	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	7	amod	_	_
7	power	power	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
9	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj:pass	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux:pass	_	_
11	dismayed	dismay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	parataxis	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
13	confounded	confound	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	conj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	19	punct	_	_
15	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
16	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	cop	_	_
17	as	as	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	parataxis	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
25	as	as	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
27	green	green	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
28	herb	herb	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	conj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
30	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	grass	grass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
33	on	on	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	housetops	housetop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	40	mark	_	_
39	corn	corn	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
40	blasted	blast	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
41	before	before	SCONJ	IN	_	44	mark	_	_
42	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	nsubj:pass	_	_
43	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	44	aux:pass	_	_
44	grown	grow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	40	advcl	_	_
45	up	up	ADP	RP	_	44	compound:prt	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | heaps's inhabitants |  |  |  |  | of small power; therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **dismay** | past · passive |  | inhabitants *= inhabitant* |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 3 | **confound** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is** | past | inhabitants *= inhabitant* |  |  |  |  | as the grass and the green herb; of the field; as the grass on the housetops | tree rules |
| 5 | **blast** | past | corn |  |  |  |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **grow up** | present · passive |  | corn |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְיֹֽשְׁבֵיהֶן֙ קִצְרֵי־יָ֔ד חַ֖תּוּ וַיֵּבֹ֑שׁוּ הָי֞וּ עֵ֤שֶׂב שָׂדֶה֙ וִ֣ירַק דֶּ֔שֶׁא חֲצִ֣יר גַּגּ֔וֹת וּשְׁדֵפָ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י קָמָֽה׃

[2 Kings 19:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.19.26/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:617` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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