---
title: 2 Kings 3:14 (JPS 1917) — And Elisha said: 'As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Elisha said: 'As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee. Who acts: Elisha, LORD, I. 2 Kings 3:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cl
---

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# 2 Kings 3:14 · JPS 1917

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And Elisha said: 'As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee.

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**Who acts:** Elisha, LORD, I · **What happens:** say, live, stand, not be, regard, not look · **To what, where:** host, presence, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 3:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Elisha, LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:62
# text = And Elisha said: 'As the LORD of hosts liveth, before whom I stand, surely, were it not that I regard the presence of Jehoshaphat the king of Judah, I would not look toward thee, nor see thee.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Elisha	Elisha	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	38	punct	_	_
6	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	liveth	live	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	before	before	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	16	obl	_	_
15	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	stand	stand	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
18	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	18	punct	_	_
20	were	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	expl	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	25	mark	_	_
24	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	regard	regard	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	csubj	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	presence	presence	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Jehoshaphat	Jehoshaphat	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
30	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	31	det	_	_
31	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	appos	_	_
32	of	of	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	Judah	Judah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	31	nmod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	38	punct	_	_
35	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
36	would	would	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
38	look	look	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
39	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
40	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	38	obl	_	_
41	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
42	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	43	cc	_	_
43	see	see	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	conj	_	_
44	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	43	obj	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Elisha |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **live** | present | the LORD of hosts |  |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **stand** | present | I |  |  |  | before the LORD of hosts |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent before whom=Location |
| 4 | **not** **be** | past | I *not said here* | host |  |  |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **regard** | present | I | the presence of Jehoshaphat |  |  |  |  | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent presence=Theme |
| 6 | **not** **look** | would | I |  |  |  |  | toward thee; surely *property* | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent toward thou=Theme |
| 7 | **see** | infinitive | I *not said here* | thee |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer thou=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלִישָׁ֗ע חַי־יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עָמַ֣דְתִּי לְפָנָ֔יו כִּ֗י לוּלֵ֛י פְּנֵ֛י יְהוֹשָׁפָ֥ט מֶֽלֶךְ־יְהוּדָ֖ה אֲנִ֣י נֹשֵׂ֑א אִם־אַבִּ֥יט אֵלֶ֖יךָ וְאִם־אֶרְאֶֽךָּ׃

[2 Kings 3:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:62` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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