---
title: 2 Kings 3:19 (JPS 1917) — And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and… · tree and pragmatics
description: And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.' Who acts: ye. 2 Kings 3:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.67/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Kings](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/) / [chapter 3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI/3/) / [3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.19/) / JPS 1

# 2 Kings 3:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** ye · **What happens:** smite, fortify, fell, stop, mar · **To what, where:** fortified city, good tree, fountains, good piece

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 3:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:67
# text = And ye shall smite every fortified city, and every choice city, and shall fell every good tree, and stop all fountains of water, and mar every good piece of land with stones.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	nsubj	_	_
3	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	smite	smite	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
5	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
6	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	7	amod	_	_
7	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
10	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	12	det	_	_
11	choice	choice	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	fell	fell	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	conj	_	_
17	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	19	det	_	_
18	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	tree	tree	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	stop	stop	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	24	det	_	_
24	fountains	fountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
29	mar	mar	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	22	conj	_	_
30	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	32	det	_	_
31	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	32	amod	_	_
32	piece	piece	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	land	land	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	with	with	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	stones	stone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **smite** | shall | ye | every fortified city and every choice city |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus city=Experiencer |
| 2 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fell** | shall | ye *not said here* | every good tree |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **stop** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | all fountains of water |  |  |  |  | vn stop-55.4-1-1 «NP V NP.eventuality»: agent=Subeventuality fountain=Eventuality |
| 5 | **mar** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | every good piece of land |  |  |  | with stones | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהִכִּיתֶ֞ם כָּל־עִ֤יר מִבְצָר֙ וְכָל־עִ֣יר מִבְח֔וֹר וְכָל־עֵ֥ץ טוֹב֙ תַּפִּ֔ילוּ וְכָל־מַעְיְנֵי־מַ֖יִם תִּסְתֹּ֑מוּ וְכֹל֙ הַחֶלְקָ֣ה הַטּוֹבָ֔ה תַּכְאִ֖בוּ בָּאֲבָנִֽים׃

[2 Kings 3:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.19/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:67` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Kings 3:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.66/)
- next →: [2 Kings 3:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.68/)
- ↑ back to [2 Kings 3:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.19/)