---
title: 2 Kings 3:21 (JPS 1917) — Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood on the border. Who acts: Moabites, kings. 2 Kings 3:21 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# 2 Kings 3:21 · JPS 1917

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Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood on the border.

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**Who acts:** Moabites, kings · **What happens:** hear, come up, fight, gather, be, put on · **To what, where:** Moabites, armour, border · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 3:21 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moabites, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:69
# text = Now when all the Moabites heard that the kings were come up to fight against them, they gathered themselves together, all that were able to put on armour, and upward, and stood on the border.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	19	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	6	mark	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	Moabites	moabite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj	_	_
6	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	advcl	_	_
7	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	nsubj	_	_
10	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	ccomp	_	_
12	up	up	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	advcl	_	_
15	against	against	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
19	gathered	gather	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	19	obj	_	_
21	together	together	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
23	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	20	appos	_	_
24	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
25	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
26	able	able	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	acl:relcl	_	_
27	to	to	PART	TO	_	28	mark	_	_
28	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	xcomp	_	_
29	on	on	ADP	RP	_	28	compound:prt	_	_
30	armour	armour	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
33	upward	upward	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	36	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	stood	stand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
37	on	on	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
38	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	border	border	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	obl	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | all Moabites |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **come up** | past · passive | the kings |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the kings *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against Moabites *= moabite* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **gather** | past | Moabites *= moabite* | Moabites *= moabite* |  |  | now | together *property* | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent themselves=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past |  |  |  |  |  | able *property* | tree rules |
| 6 | **put on** | to-infinitive |  | armour |  |  |  | upward *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent armour=Goal |
| 7 | **stand** | past | Moabites *= moabite* *not said here* |  |  | the border |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on border=Location |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְכָל־מוֹאָב֙ שָֽׁמְע֔וּ כִּֽי־עָל֥וּ הַמְּלָכִ֖ים לְהִלָּ֣חֶם בָּ֑ם וַיִּצָּעֲק֗וּ מִכֹּ֨ל חֹגֵ֤ר חֲגֹרָה֙ וָמַ֔עְלָה וַיַּעַמְד֖וּ עַֽל־הַגְּבֽוּל׃

[2 Kings 3:21: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.21/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:69` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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