---
title: 2 Kings 3:22 (JPS 1917) — And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the wa… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and the Moabites saw the water some way off as red as blood; Who acts: Moabites, sun. 2 Kings 3:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 3:22 · JPS 1917

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And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and the Moabites saw the water some way off as red as blood;

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**Who acts:** Moabites, sun · **What happens:** rise up, shine, see · **To what, where:** water

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This is 2 Kings 3:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moabites, sun), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:70
# text = And they rose up early in the morning, and the sun shone upon the water, and the Moabites saw the water some way off as red as blood;
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	rose	rise	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	up	up	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	3	advmod	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	shone	shine	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
14	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	Moabites	moabite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
21	saw	see	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	some	some	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	25	det	_	_
25	way	way	ADV	RB	_	26	advmod	_	_
26	off	off	ADV	RB	_	21	advmod	_	_
27	as	as	ADV	RB	_	28	advmod	_	_
28	red	red	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
29	as	as	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **rise up** | past | Moabites *= moabite* |  |  |  | morning | early *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **shine** | past | the sun |  |  | the water |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon water=Location |
| 3 | **see** | past | the Moabites | the water |  |  |  | off, red *property* | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer water=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיַּשְׁכִּ֣ימוּ בַבֹּ֔קֶר וְהַשֶּׁ֖מֶשׁ זָרְחָ֣ה עַל־הַמָּ֑יִם וַיִּרְא֨וּ מוֹאָ֥ב מִנֶּ֛גֶד אֶת־הַמַּ֖יִם אֲדֻמִּ֥ים כַּדָּֽם׃

[2 Kings 3:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:70` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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