--- title: 2 Kings 23:12 (JPS 1917) — And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, w… · tree and pragmatics description: And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king break down, and beat them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (altars, kings, Manasseh, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2KI:709 # text = And the altars that were on the roof of the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, did the king break down, and beat them down from thence, and cast the dust of them into the brook Kidron. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 altars altar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obj _ _ 4 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 5 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 6 on on ADP IN _ 8 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 8 det _ _ 8 roof roof NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 acl:relcl _ _ 9 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 10 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 11 upper upper ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 amod _ _ 12 chamber chamber NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 nmod _ _ 13 of of ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 14 Ahaz Ahaz PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nmod _ _ 15 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 16 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 22 obj _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 nsubj _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nmod _ _ 21 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 14 acl:relcl _ _ 23 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 24 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 altars altar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 45 obj _ _ 27 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 30 obj _ _ 28 Manasseh Manasseh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 29 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 26 acl:relcl _ _ 31 in in ADP IN _ 34 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 33 two two NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 34 nummod _ _ 34 courts court NOUN NNS Number=Plur 30 obl _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 house house NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 of of ADP IN _ 40 case _ _ 39 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 40 det _ _ 40 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 37 nmod _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 26 punct _ _ 42 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 aux _ _ 43 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 44 det _ _ 44 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 nsubj _ _ 45 break break VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 46 down down ADP RP _ 45 compound:prt _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 beat beat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 conj _ _ 50 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 obj _ _ 51 down down ADP RP _ 49 compound:prt _ _ 52 from from ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 thence thence ADV RB _ 49 obl _ _ 54 , , PUNCT , _ 56 punct _ _ 55 and and CCONJ CC _ 56 cc _ _ 56 cast cast VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 45 conj _ _ 57 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 58 det _ _ 58 dust dust NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obj _ _ 59 of of ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 60 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 58 nmod _ _ 61 into into ADP IN _ 63 case _ _ 62 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 63 det _ _ 63 brook brook NOUN NN Number=Sing 56 obl _ _ 64 Kidron Kidron PROPN NNP Number=Sing 63 appos _ _ 65 . . PUNCT . _ 45 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the altars | | | the roof | | of the upper chamber of Ahaz | tree rules | | 2 | **make** | past · perfect | the kings of Judah | Ahaz | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Product | | 3 | **make** | past · perfect | Manasseh | the altars | | the two courts of the house of the LORD | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Product | | 4 | **break down** | past · do-support | the king | the altars | | | | | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent altar=Patient altar=Result | | 5 | **beat down** | infinitive | the king *not said here* | courts *= court* | | | | | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme | | 6 | **cast** | past | the king *not said here* | the dust of courts | | the brook | | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.material PP.product»: agent=Agent dust=Material into brook=Product | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְאֶֽת־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַגָּג֩ עֲלִיַּ֨ת אָחָ֜ז אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֣וּ ׀ מַלְכֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֗ה וְאֶת־הַֽמִּזְבְּחוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂ֣ה מְנַשֶּׁ֔ה בִּשְׁתֵּ֛י חַצְר֥וֹת בֵּית־יְהוָ֖ה נָתַ֣ץ הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיָּ֣רָץ מִשָּׁ֔ם וְהִשְׁלִ֥יךְ אֶת־עֲפָרָ֖ם אֶל־נַ֥חַל קִדְרֽוֹן׃ [2 Kings 23:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:709` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Kings 23:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.708/) - next →: [2 Kings 23:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.710/) - ↑ back to [2 Kings 23:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.12/)