---
title: 2 Kings 3:23 (JPS 1917) — and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together… · tree and pragmatics
description: and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together, and they have smitten each man his fellow; now therefore, Moab, to the spoil.' Who acts: Moabites, This, kings. 2 Kings 3:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 3:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together, and they have smitten each man his fellow; now therefore, Moab, to the spoil.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Moabites, This, kings · **What happens:** say, be, fight, smite · **To what, where:** blood, fellow, man · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 3:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Moabites, This, kings), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:71
# text = and they said: 'This is blood: the kings have surely fought together, and they have smitten each man his fellow; now therefore, Moab, to the spoil.'
1	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
6	This	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	8	nsubj	_	_
7	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
10	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
11	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	14	nsubj	_	_
12	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
13	surely	surely	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
14	fought	fight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	ccomp	_	_
15	together	together	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
18	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	14	conj	_	_
21	each	each	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	22	det	_	_
22	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	iobj	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	fellow	fellow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obj	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
27	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	vocative	_	_
30	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	spoil	spoil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	parataxis	_	_
34	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
35	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: evaluate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Moabites *= moabite* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | This | blood |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **fight** | present · perfect | the kings |  |  |  |  | surely, together *property* | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **smite** | present · perfect | Moabites *= moabite* | king's fellow | each man |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Stimulus man=Experiencer fellow=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ דָּ֣ם זֶ֔ה הָחֳרֵ֤ב נֶֽחֶרְבוּ֙ הַמְּלָכִ֔ים וַיַּכּ֖וּ אִ֣ישׁ אֶת־רֵעֵ֑הוּ וְעַתָּ֥ה לַשָּׁלָ֖ל מוֹאָֽב׃

[2 Kings 3:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.3.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:71` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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