---
title: 2 Kings 23:18 (JPS 1917) — And he said: 'Let him be; let no man move his bones.' So they let hi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he said: 'Let him be; let no man move his bones.' So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria. Who acts: Josiah, man, men, prophet. 2 Kings 23:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 23:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he said: 'Let him be; let no man move his bones.' So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Josiah, man, men, prophet · **What happens:** say, let, move, come out · **To what, where:** Josiah, man, bones, Samaria · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 23:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Josiah, man, men, prophet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:715
# text = And he said: 'Let him be; let no man move his bones.' So they let his bones alone, with the bones of the prophet that came out of Samaria.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	6	obj	_	_
8	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	xcomp	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
10	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
11	no	no	DET	DT	PronType=Neg	12	det	_	_
12	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obj	_	_
13	move	move	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	10	xcomp	_	_
14	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obj	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
18	So	so	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	let	let	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
23	alone	alone	ADV	RB	_	20	xcomp	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
25	with	with	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
26	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obl	_	_
28	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	prophet	prophet	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
32	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	30	acl:relcl	_	_
33	out	out	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Samaria	Samaria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Josiah |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | Josiah |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 3 | **let** | infinitive |  | no man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **move** | infinitive | no man *not said here* | Josiah's bones |  |  |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
| 5 | **let** | past | men *= man* | Josiah's bones |  |  |  | with the bones of the prophet | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
| 6 | **come out** | past | the prophet | Samaria |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient samaria=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙ הַנִּ֣יחוּ ל֔וֹ אִ֖ישׁ אַל־יָנַ֣ע עַצְמֹתָ֑יו וַֽיְמַלְּטוּ֙ עַצְמֹתָ֔יו אֵ֚ת עַצְמ֣וֹת הַנָּבִ֔יא אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֖א מִשֹּׁמְרֽוֹן׃

[2 Kings 23:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:715` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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