---
title: 2 Kings 23:20 (JPS 1917) — And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them; and he returned to Jerusalem. Who acts: Josiah, high places. 2 Kings 23:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 23:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them; and he returned to Jerusalem.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Josiah, high places · **What happens:** slay, be, burn, return · **To what, where:** priests, bones, Jerusalem

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Kings 23:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Josiah, high places), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:717
# text = And he slew all the priests of the high places that were there, upon the altars, and burned men's bones upon them; and he returned to Jerusalem.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	6	det:predet	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	priests	priest	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	altars	altar	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	burned	burn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	's	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	bones	bone	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	20	obj	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obl	_	_
26	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
27	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **slay** | past | Josiah | all priests of the high places |  |  |  | upon the altars | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent priest=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the high places |  |  |  |  | there *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **burn** | past | Josiah *not said here* | men's bones |  |  |  | upon men *= man* | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent bone=Theme |
| 4 | **return** | past | Josiah |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  | vn convert-26.6.2-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Patient to jerusalem=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַ֠יִּזְבַּח אֶת־כָּל־כֹּהֲנֵ֨י הַבָּמ֤וֹת אֲשֶׁר־שָׁם֙ עַל־הַֽמִּזְבְּח֔וֹת וַיִּשְׂרֹ֛ף אֶת־עַצְמ֥וֹת אָדָ֖ם עֲלֵיהֶ֑ם וַיָּ֖שָׁב יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃

[2 Kings 23:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:717` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Kings 23:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.716/)
- next →: [2 Kings 23:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2KI.718/)
- ↑ back to [2 Kings 23:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.23.20/)