---
title: 2 Kings 25:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth mon… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it round about. Who acts: it, king, they. 2 Kings 25:1 in JPS
---

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# 2 Kings 25:1 · JPS 1917

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And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it round about.

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**Who acts:** it, king, they · **What happens:** come, pass, encamp, build · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, forts

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This is 2 Kings 25:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, king, they), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:757
# text = And it came to pass in the ninth year of his reign, in the tenth month, in the tenth day of the month, that Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came, he and all his army, against Jerusalem, and encamped against it; and they built forts against it round about.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	ninth	ninth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	reign	reign	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	tenth	tenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	in	in	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	tenth	tenth	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	amod	_	_
22	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	month	month	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
27	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
28	Nebuchadnezzar	Nebuchadnezzar	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
29	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
32	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	appos	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	38	det:predet	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	army	army	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	against	against	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	44	cc	_	_
44	encamped	encamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
45	against	against	ADP	IN	_	46	case	_	_
46	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	44	obl	_	_
47	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
48	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	50	cc	_	_
49	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	nsubj	_	_
50	built	build	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
51	forts	fort	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	50	obj	_	_
52	against	against	ADP	IN	_	53	case	_	_
53	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obl	_	_
54	round	round	ADV	RB	_	55	advmod	_	_
55	about	about	ADV	RB	_	50	advmod	_	_
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  |  | day; month; year |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come** | past | king  Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon |  |  | Jerusalem |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against jerusalem=Location |
| 4 | **encamp** | past | king  Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against army | tree rules |
| 5 | **build** | past | they | forts |  |  |  | against army; about *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset fort=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁנַ֨ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֜ית לְמָלְכ֗וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֧וּא וְכָל־חֵיל֛וֹ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלִַ֖ם וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֖יהָ דָּיֵ֥ק סָבִֽיב׃

[2 Kings 25:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.25.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:757` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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