---
title: 2 Kings 25:23 (JPS 1917) — Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard t… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and Jaazaniah the son of the Ma
---

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# 2 Kings 25:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and Jaazaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.

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**Who acts:** captains, king, men · **What happens:** hear, make, come · **To what, where:** Gedaliah, Mizpah · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 25:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (captains, king, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:780
# text = Now when all the captains of the forces, they and their men, heard that the king of Babylon had made Gedaliah governor, they came to Gedaliah to Mizpah, even Ishmael the son of Nethaniah, and Johanan the son of Kareah, and Seraiah the son of Tanhumeth the Netophathite and Jaazaniah the son of the Maacathite, they and their men.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	27	advmod	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	15	mark	_	_
3	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	5	det:predet	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	captains	captain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
6	of	of	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	forces	force	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	nmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
10	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	appos	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
15	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	27	advcl	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Babylon	Babylon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod	_	_
21	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	made	make	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	15	ccomp	_	_
23	Gedaliah	Gedaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	obj	_	_
24	governor	governor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	xcomp	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
28	to	to	ADP	IN	_	29	case	_	_
29	Gedaliah	Gedaliah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
30	to	to	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	Mizpah	Mizpah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	obl	_	_
32	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
33	even	even	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
34	Ishmael	Ishmael	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	appos	_	_
35	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	36	det	_	_
36	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	appos	_	_
37	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Nethaniah	Nethaniah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	36	nmod	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
40	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
41	Johanan	Johanan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	41	appos	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Kareah	Kareah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	Seraiah	Seraiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
49	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	50	det	_	_
50	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	appos	_	_
51	of	of	ADP	IN	_	52	case	_	_
52	Tanhumeth	Tanhumeth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	nmod	_	_
53	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	54	det	_	_
54	Netophathite	Netophathite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	appos	_	_
55	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	56	cc	_	_
56	Jaazaniah	Jaazaniah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
57	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	58	det	_	_
58	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	56	appos	_	_
59	of	of	ADP	IN	_	61	case	_	_
60	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	61	det	_	_
61	Maacathite	Maacathite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	58	nmod	_	_
62	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	63	punct	_	_
63	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	34	appos	_	_
64	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	66	cc	_	_
65	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	66	nmod:poss	_	_
66	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	63	conj	_	_
67	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	27	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | all captains of the forces |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **make** | past · perfect | the king of Babylon | Gedaliah |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent gedaliah=Product |
| 3 | **come** | past | men *= man* |  | Mizpah | Gedaliah | now |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme to gedaliah=Initial\_Location to mizpah=Destination |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁמְעוּ֩ כָל־שָׂרֵ֨י הַחֲיָלִ֜ים הֵ֣מָּה וְהָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים כִּֽי־הִפְקִ֤יד מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶל֙ אֶת־גְּדַלְיָ֔הוּ וַיָּבֹ֥אוּ אֶל־גְּדַלְיָ֖הוּ הַמִּצְפָּ֑ה וְיִשְׁמָעֵ֣אל בֶּן־נְתַנְיָ֡ה וְיוֹחָנָ֣ן בֶּן־קָ֠רֵחַ וּשְׂרָיָ֨ה בֶן־תַּנְחֻ֜מֶת הַנְּטֹפָתִ֗י וְיַֽאֲזַנְיָ֙הוּ֙ בֶּן־הַמַּ֣עֲכָתִ֔י הֵ֖מָּה וְאַנְשֵׁיהֶֽם׃

[2 Kings 25:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.25.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:780` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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