---
title: 2 Kings 4:3 (JPS 1917) — Then he said: 'Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy neighbours,… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then he said: 'Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few. Who acts: handmaid. 2 Kings 4:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Kings 4:3 · JPS 1917

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Then he said: 'Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few.

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**Who acts:** handmaid · **What happens:** say, go, borrow, not borrow · **To what, where:** vessels, thee, few · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Kings 4:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (handmaid), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2KI:80
# text = Then he said: 'Go, borrow thee vessels abroad of all thy neighbours, even empty vessels; borrow not a few.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	6	punct	_	_
5	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	6	punct	_	_
6	Go	go	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	borrow	borrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
9	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	iobj	_	_
10	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
11	abroad	abroad	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
13	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	15	det:predet	_	_
14	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	neighbours	neighbour	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nmod	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	even	even	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	amod	_	_
19	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	conj	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	borrow	borrow	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	conj	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	21	advmod	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	few	few	NOUN	NN	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | handmaid |  |  |  | then |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **borrow** | infinitive |  | vessels of thy neighbours and empty vessels | thee |  |  | abroad *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **not** **borrow** | infinitive |  | a few |  |  |  |  | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent few=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֗אמֶר לְכִ֨י שַׁאֲלִי־לָ֤ךְ כֵּלִים֙ מִן־הַח֔וּץ מֵאֵ֖ת כָּל־שְׁכֵנָ֑יִךְכֵּלִ֥ים רֵקִ֖ים אַל־תַּמְעִֽיטִי׃

[2 Kings 4:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2KI.4.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2KI:80` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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