---
title: 2 Samuel 1:1 (JPS 1917) — AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned… · tree and pragmatics
description: AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag; Who acts: IT, David, Saul. 2 Samuel 1:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:1 · JPS 1917

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AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;

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**Who acts:** IT, David, Saul · **What happens:** come, pass, return, abide, die, slaughter · **To what, where:** David, slaughter, Ziklag, Amalekites

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This is 2 Samuel 1:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (IT, David, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:0
# text = AND IT came to pass after the death of Saul, when David was returned from the slaughter of the Amalekites, and David had abode two days in Ziklag;
1	AND	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	IT	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	after	after	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	death	death	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	when	when	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	15	advmod	_	_
13	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nsubj:pass	_	_
14	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux:pass	_	_
15	returned	return	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	5	advcl	_	_
16	from	from	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	slaughter	slaughter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Amalekites	amalekite	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
24	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
25	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
26	abode	abide	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
27	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	days	day	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	obj	_	_
29	in	in	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	Ziklag	Ziklag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | IT |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | after the death of Saul |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **return** | past · passive |  | David |  | the slaughter of the Amalekites |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: subject=Theme from slaughter=Initial\_Location |
| 4 | **abide** | past · perfect | David |  |  | Ziklag | day |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **die** |  | Saul |  |  |  |  |  | nom death «event intransitive»: of=agent |
| 6 | **slaughter** |  |  | the Amalekites |  |  |  |  | nom slaughter «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֗י אַֽחֲרֵי֙ מ֣וֹת שָׁא֔וּל וְדָוִ֣ד שָׁ֔ב מֵהַכּ֖וֹת אֶת־הָעֲמָלֵ֑ק וַיֵּ֧שֶׁב דָּוִ֛ד בְּצִקְלָ֖ג יָמִ֥ים שְׁנָֽיִם׃

[2 Samuel 1:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:0` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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