---
title: 2 Samuel 1:2 (JPS 1917) — it came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out… · tree and pragmatics
description: it came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head; and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and prostrated himself. Who acts: man. 2 Samuel 1:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the 
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
it came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head; and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and prostrated himself.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** man · **What happens:** come, pass, come out, rent, be, fall · **To what, where:** slaughter, camp, Saul, clothes, David

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 1:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (man), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:1
# text = it came even to pass on the third day, that, behold, a man came out of the camp from Saul with his clothes rent, and earth upon his head; and so it was, when he came to David, that he fell to the earth, and prostrated himself.
1	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	2	expl	_	_
2	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	even	even	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	xcomp	_	_
6	on	on	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
8	third	third	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos|NumForm=Word|NumType=Ord	9	amod	_	_
9	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
13	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	17	discourse	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nsubj	_	_
17	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
18	out	out	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	fixed	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
23	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
24	with	with	SCONJ	IN	_	27	mark	_	_
25	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	26	nmod:poss	_	_
26	clothes	clothes	NOUN	NNS	Number=Ptan	27	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	rent	rent	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	advcl	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
31	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	33	nmod:poss	_	_
33	head	head	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nmod	_	_
34	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	38	cc	_	_
36	so	so	ADV	RB	_	38	advmod	_	_
37	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	expl	_	_
38	was	be	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	42	mark	_	_
41	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	nsubj	_	_
42	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	advcl	_	_
43	to	to	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	42	obl	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
46	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	48	mark	_	_
47	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nsubj	_	_
48	fell	fall	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	38	ccomp	_	_
49	to	to	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	51	det	_	_
51	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	48	obl	_	_
52	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	54	punct	_	_
53	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	54	cc	_	_
54	prostrated	prostrate	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	48	conj	_	_
55	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	54	obj	_	_
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | slaughter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  | day |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **come out** | past | a man | the camp |  | Saul |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient camp=Result |
| 4 | **rent** | participle · passive |  | Saul's clothes |  |  |  |  | vn get-13.5.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **be** | past |  | slaughter |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **come** | past | man |  |  | David |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to david=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **fall** | past | man |  |  |  |  | to the earth | vn acquiesce-95.1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to earth=Theme |
| 8 | **prostrate** | past | man *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י ׀ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁלִישִׁ֗י וְהִנֵּה֩ אִ֨ישׁ בָּ֤א מִן־הַֽמַּחֲנֶה֙ מֵעִ֣ם שָׁא֔וּל וּבְגָדָ֣יו קְרֻעִ֔ים וַאֲדָמָ֖ה עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיְהִי֙ בְּבֹא֣וֹ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד וַיִּפֹּ֥ל אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃

[2 Samuel 1:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:1` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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