---
title: 2 Samuel 3:37 (JPS 1917) — So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not… · tree and pragmatics
description: So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner. Who acts: people, it. 2 Samuel 3:37 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 3:37 · JPS 1917

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So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.

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**Who acts:** people, it · **What happens:** understand, not be, slay · **To what, where:** Abner

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This is 2 Samuel 3:37 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (people, it), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:109
# text = So all the people and all Israel understood that day that it was not of the king to slay Abner the son of Ner.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	8	advmod	_	_
2	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	4	det:predet	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nsubj	_	_
5	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
6	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	7	det	_	_
7	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	conj	_	_
8	understood	understand	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	that	that	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	10	det	_	_
10	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl:unmarked	_	_
11	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
14	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	ccomp	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	slay	slay	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	csubj	_	_
20	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
22	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	appos	_	_
23	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
24	Ner	Ner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	22	nmod	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **understand** | past | all people and all Israel |  |  |  | day |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **not** **is** | past | it |  |  |  |  | of the king | tree rules |
| 3 | **slay** | to-infinitive |  | Abner |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent abner=Patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֵּדְע֧וּ כָל־הָעָ֛ם וְכָל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא כִּ֣י לֹ֤א הָיְתָה֙ מֵֽהַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהָמִ֖ית אֶת־אַבְנֵ֥ר בֶּן־נֵֽר׃פ

[2 Samuel 3:37: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.3.37/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:109` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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