---
title: 2 Samuel 4:4 (JPS 1917) — Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet. Who acts: Jonathan, son. 2 Samuel 4:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 4:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Jonathan, son · **What happens:** have, be · **To what, where:** son

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This is 2 Samuel 4:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Jonathan, son), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:115
# text = Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	8	advmod	_	_
2	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	8	nsubj	_	_
3	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
4	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nmod:poss	_	_
5	's	's	PART	POS	_	4	case	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	2	punct	_	_
8	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
9	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	lame	lame	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
16	feet	foot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Jonathan | a son |  |  | now |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent son=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | a son |  |  |  |  | of son's feet; lame *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְלִיהֽוֹנָתָן֙ בֶּן־שָׁא֔וּל בֵּ֖ן נְכֵ֣ה רַגְלָ֑יִם בֶּן־חָמֵ֣שׁ שָׁנִ֣ים הָיָ֡ה בְּבֹ֣א שְׁמֻעַת֩ שָׁא֨וּל וִיהֽוֹנָתָ֜ן מִֽיִּזְרְעֶ֗אל וַתִּשָּׂאֵ֤הוּ אֹֽמַנְתּוֹ֙ וַתָּנֹ֔ס וַיְהִ֞י בְּחָפְזָ֥הּ לָנ֛וּס וַיִּפֹּ֥ל וַיִּפָּסֵ֖חַ וּשְׁמ֥וֹ מְפִיבֹֽשֶׁת׃

[2 Samuel 4:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.4/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **Now Jonathan, Saul's son, had a son that was lame of his feet.**
2. [He was five years old when the tidings came of Saul and Jonathan out of Jezreel, and his nurse took him up, and fled; and it came to pass, as she made haste to flee, that he fell, and became lame.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.116/)
3. [And his name was Mephibosheth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.117/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:115` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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