--- title: 2 Samuel 1:10 (JPS 1917) — So I stood beside him, and slew him, because I was sure that he coul… · tree and pragmatics description: So I stood beside him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen; and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.' Who acts: I, man, crown, bracelet. 2 Samuel 1:10 in JPS 1917 with it --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.12/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/1/) / [1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.10/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 1:10 · JPS 1917 So I stood beside him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen; and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.' **Who acts:** I, man, crown, bracelet · **What happens:** stand, slay, be, not live, fall, take · **To what, where:** man, crown, arm This is 2 Samuel 1:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, man, crown, bracelet), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:12 # text = So I stood beside him, and slew him, because I was sure that he could not live after that he was fallen; and I took the crown that was upon his head, and the bracelet that was on his arm, and have brought them hither unto my lord.' 1 So so ADV RB _ 3 advmod _ _ 2 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 stood stand VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 beside beside ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 slew slay VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 9 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 8 obj _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 11 because because SCONJ IN _ 14 mark _ _ 12 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 14 nsubj _ _ 13 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 14 cop _ _ 14 sure sure ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 8 advcl _ _ 15 that that SCONJ IN _ 19 mark _ _ 16 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 17 could could AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 18 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 19 live live VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 14 ccomp _ _ 20 after after ADP IN _ 24 mark _ _ 21 that that SCONJ IN _ 20 fixed _ _ 22 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj:pass _ _ 23 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux:pass _ _ 24 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 19 advcl _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 26 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 27 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 crown crown NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 31 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 32 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 cop _ _ 33 upon upon ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 35 nmod:poss _ _ 35 head head NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 acl:relcl _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 37 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 bracelet bracelet NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 conj _ _ 40 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 44 nsubj _ _ 41 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 44 cop _ _ 42 on on ADP IN _ 44 case _ _ 43 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 44 arm arm NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 acl:relcl _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 48 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 28 conj _ _ 49 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 hither hither ADV RB _ 48 advmod _ _ 51 unto unto ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 52 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 53 nmod:poss _ _ 53 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 54 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 55 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **stand** | past | I | | | | | beside man | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside he=Location | | 2 | **slay** | past | I *not said here* | man | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | | 3 | **is** | past | I | | | | | sure *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **live** | could | man | | | | | | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **fall** | past · passive | | man | | | | | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result | | 6 | **take** | past | I | the crown and the bracelet | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crown=Theme | | 7 | **is** | past | the crown and the bracelet | | | | | upon man's head | tree rules | | 8 | **is** | past | the bracelet | | | man's arm | | | tree rules | | 9 | **bring** | present · perfect | I *not said here* | crown | | | | unto my lord; hither *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent they=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וָאֶעֱמֹ֤ד עָלָיו֙ וַאֲמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ כִּ֣י יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּ֛י לֹ֥א יִֽחְיֶ֖ה אַחֲרֵ֣י נִפְל֑וֹ וָאֶקַּ֞ח הַנֵּ֣זֶר ׀ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־רֹאשׁ֗וֹ וְאֶצְעָדָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־זְרֹע֔וֹ וָאֲבִיאֵ֥ם אֶל־אֲדֹנִ֖י הֵֽנָּה׃ [2 Samuel 1:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.10/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:12` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 1:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.11/) - next →: [2 Samuel 1:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.13/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 1:10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.10/)