---
title: 2 Samuel 4:10 (JPS 1917) — when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his ow… · tree and pragmatics
description: when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his own eyes as though he brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, instead of giving a reward for his tidings. Who acts: one, Saul, LORD, I. 2 Samuel 4:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# 2 Samuel 4:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his own eyes as though he brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, instead of giving a reward for his tidings.

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**Who acts:** one, Saul, LORD, I · **What happens:** tell, say, be, bring, take, slay · **To what, where:** me, own eyes, good tidings, hold, LORD, Ziklag · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 4:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Saul, LORD, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:123
# text = when one told me, saying: Behold, Saul is dead, and he was in his own eyes as though he brought good tidings, I took hold of him, and slew him in Ziklag, instead of giving a reward for his tidings.
1	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	3	mark	_	_
2	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
4	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	iobj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	xcomp	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	12	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
12	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	ccomp	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
16	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	cop	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
18	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	20	nmod:poss	_	_
19	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	conj	_	_
21	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
23	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj	_	_
24	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	advcl	_	_
25	good	good	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	24	obj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	took	take	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
30	hold	hold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obj	_	_
31	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	conj	_	_
36	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	in	in	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
38	Ziklag	Ziklag	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	35	obl	_	_
39	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
40	instead	instead	ADV	RB	ExtPos=SCONJ	42	mark	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	40	fixed	_	_
42	giving	give	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	35	advcl	_	_
43	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	reward	reward	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	obj	_	_
45	for	for	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	47	nmod:poss	_	_
47	tidings	tiding	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | one |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent i=Recipient clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* *not said to happen* | gerund | one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | Saul |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |
| 4 | **is** | past | LORD |  |  | LORD's own eyes |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **bring** | past | LORD | good tidings |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent tiding=Theme |
| 6 | **take** | past | I | hold of LORD |  |  |  |  | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hold=Theme |
| 7 | **slay** | past | I *not said here* | LORD |  | Ziklag |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient |
| 8 | **give** | gerund | I *not said here* | a reward |  |  |  | for LORD's tidings | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.asset»: agent=Agent reward=Theme for tiding=Asset |
| 9 | **hold** |  |  | LORD |  |  |  |  | nom hold «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י הַמַּגִּיד֩ לִ֨י לֵאמֹ֜ר הִנֵּה־מֵ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְהֽוּא־הָיָ֤ה כִמְבַשֵּׂר֙ בְּעֵינָ֔יו וָאֹחֲזָ֣ה ב֔וֹ וָאֶהְרְגֵ֖הוּ בְּצִֽקְלָ֑ג אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְתִתִּי־ל֖וֹ בְּשֹׂרָֽה׃

[2 Samuel 4:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.4.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:123` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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