---
title: 2 Samuel 1:14 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto him: 'How wast thou not afraid to put forth thy… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said unto him: 'How wast thou not afraid to put forth thy hand to destroy the LORD'S anointed?' Who acts: David, thou. 2 Samuel 1:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:14 · JPS 1917

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And David said unto him: 'How wast thou not afraid to put forth thy hand to destroy the LORD'S anointed?'

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**Who acts:** David, thou · **What happens:** say, not be, put, destroy · **To what, where:** hand, anointed · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 1:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:16
# text = And David said unto him: 'How wast thou not afraid to put forth thy hand to destroy the LORD'S anointed?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
8	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
9	wast	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	cop	_	_
10	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
11	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	12	advmod	_	_
12	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	ccomp	_	_
13	to	to	PART	TO	_	14	mark	_	_
14	put	put	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	xcomp	_	_
15	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
18	to	to	PART	TO	_	19	mark	_	_
19	destroy	destroy	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod:poss	_	_
22	'S	's	PART	POS	_	21	case	_	_
23	anointed	anointed	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obj	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
25	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	12	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: wh-question
- act: express
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=express

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **not** **is** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | afraid *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | thy hand |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent hand=Goal |
| 4 | **destroy** | to-infinitive | thou *not said here* | the LORD's anointed |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent anointed=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו דָּוִ֑ד אֵ֚יךְ לֹ֣א יָרֵ֔אתָ לִשְׁלֹ֙חַ֙ יָֽדְךָ֔ לְשַׁחֵ֖ת אֶת־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָֽה׃

[2 Samuel 1:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:16` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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