---
title: 2 Samuel 1:3 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto him: 'From whence comest thou?' And he said unto… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said unto him: 'From whence comest thou?' And he said unto him: 'Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped.' Who acts: David, thou. 2 Samuel 1:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:3 · JPS 1917

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And David said unto him: 'From whence comest thou?' And he said unto him: 'Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped.'

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**Who acts:** David, thou · **What happens:** say, come, escape · **To what, where:** I, camp · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 1:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:2
# text = And David said unto him: 'From whence comest thou?' And he said unto him: 'Out of the camp of Israel am I escaped.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	10	punct	_	_
8	From	from	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	whence	whence	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	10	advmod	_	_
10	comest	come	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
11	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nsubj	_	_
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
14	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	16	cc	_	_
15	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
16	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
17	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obl	_	_
19	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
20	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	_
21	Out	out	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	camp	camp	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	am	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
28	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
29	escaped	escape	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	ccomp	_	_
30	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
31	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | whence *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto man | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 4 | **escape** | present · passive |  | I |  | the camp of Israel |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ דָּוִ֔ד אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה תָּב֑וֹא וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֔יו מִמַּחֲנֵ֥ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל נִמְלָֽטְתִּי׃

[2 Samuel 1:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:2` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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