---
title: 2 Samuel 8:9 (JPS 1917) — And when Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the hos… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer, Who acts: Toi king, David. 2 Samuel 8:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 8:9 · JPS 1917

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And when Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer,

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**Who acts:** Toi king, David · **What happens:** hear, smite · **To what, where:** host · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 8:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toi king, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:218
# text = And when Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer,
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	7	mark	_	_
3	Toi	Toi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	flat	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Hamath	Hamath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
10	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	7	ccomp	_	_
12	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	14	det:predet	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
15	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Hadadezer	Hadadezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	nmod	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | Toi king of Hamath |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **smite** | past · perfect | David | all host of Hadadezer |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus host=Experiencer |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשְׁמַ֕ע תֹּ֖עִי מֶ֣לֶךְ חֲמָ֑ת כִּ֚י הִכָּ֣ה דָוִ֔ד אֵ֖ת כָּל־חֵ֥יל הֲדַדְעָֽזֶר׃

[2 Samuel 8:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.8.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:218` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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