---
title: 2 Samuel 8:10 (JPS 1917) — then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to b… · tree and pragmatics
description: then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him — because he had fought against Hadadezer and smitten him; for Hadadezer had wars with Toi — and he brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass. Who acts: Toi, David, Hadadezer. 2 Samuel 8:
---

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# 2 Samuel 8:10 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him — because he had fought against Hadadezer and smitten him; for Hadadezer had wars with Toi — and he brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass.

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**Who acts:** Toi, David, Hadadezer · **What happens:** send, salute, bless, fight, smite, have · **To what, where:** Joram, David, wars, vessels

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 8:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Toi, David, Hadadezer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:219
# text = then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him — because he had fought against Hadadezer and smitten him; for Hadadezer had wars with Toi — and he brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass.
1	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Toi	Toi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	Joram	Joram	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
5	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	6	nmod:poss	_	_
6	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	appos	_	_
7	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	compound	_	_
9	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	to	to	PART	TO	_	12	mark	_	_
12	salute	salute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	advcl	_	_
13	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	bless	bless	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	conj	_	_
18	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
20	because	because	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	23	aux	_	_
23	fought	fight	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
24	against	against	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Hadadezer	Hadadezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	obl	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	27	cc	_	_
27	smitten	smite	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	23	conj	_	_
28	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	27	obj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
30	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
31	Hadadezer	Hadadezer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nsubj	_	_
32	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
33	wars	war	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	obj	_	_
34	with	with	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	Toi	Toi	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	—	-	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
39	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
40	with	with	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
41	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	obl	_	_
42	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obj	_	_
43	of	of	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
44	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
45	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	47	punct	_	_
46	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	47	cc	_	_
47	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	52	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	52	cc	_	_
52	vessels	vessel	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	42	conj	_	_
53	of	of	ADP	IN	_	54	case	_	_
54	brass	brass	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	52	nmod	_	_
55	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Toi |  | Joram |  | then | unto king David | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joram=Theme |
| 2 | **salute** | to-infinitive | Toi *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Topic |
| 3 | **bless** | to-infinitive | Toi *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 4 | **fight** | past · perfect | David |  |  |  |  | against Hadadezer | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **smite** | participle | David *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus he=Experiencer |
| 6 | **have** | past | Hadadezer | wars |  |  |  | with Toi | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Patient |
| 7 | **bring** | past | David | vessels of silver and vessels of gold and vessels of brass |  |  |  | with Hadadezer | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent vessel=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח תֹּ֣עִי אֶת־יֽוֹרָם־בְּנ֣וֹ אֶל־הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּ֠וִד לִשְׁאָל־ל֨וֹ לְשָׁל֜וֹם וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ עַל֩ אֲשֶׁ֨ר נִלְחַ֤ם בַּהֲדַדְעֶ֙זֶר֙ וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ כִּי־אִ֛ישׁ מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת תֹּ֖עִי הָיָ֣ה הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר וּבְיָד֗וֹ הָי֛וּ כְּלֵֽי־כֶ֥סֶף וּכְלֵֽי־זָהָ֖ב וּכְלֵ֥י נְחֹֽשֶׁת׃

[2 Samuel 8:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.8.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:219` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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