---
title: 2 Samuel 1:20 (JPS 1917) — Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon; lest… · tree and pragmatics
description: Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph. Who acts: you, daughters. 2 Samuel 1:20 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:20 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, daughters · **What happens:** not tell, not publish, rejoice, triumph · **To what, where:** mighty, Gath, streets · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 1:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, daughters), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:24
# text = Tell it not in Gath, publish it not in the streets of Ashkelon; lest the daughters of the Philistines rejoice, lest the daughters of the uncircumcised triumph.
1	Tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	1	obj	_	_
3	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	1	advmod	_	_
4	in	in	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Gath	Gath	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	1	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
7	publish	publish	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	conj	_	_
8	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obj	_	_
9	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	7	advmod	_	_
10	in	in	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	7	obl	_	_
13	of	of	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
14	Ashkelon	Ashkelon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
15	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	22	punct	_	_
16	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	22	mark	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	nsubj	_	_
19	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	Philistines	philistine	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	18	nmod	_	_
22	rejoice	rejoice	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	advcl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	lest	lest	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	daughters	daughter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	30	nsubj	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	uncircumcised	uncircumcised	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	triumph	triumph	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	22	conj	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: warn
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=warn, form=imp

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **tell** *speech: assert* | imperative | you *not said here* |  | mighty | Gath |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent it=Recipient |
| 2 | **not** **publish** | infinitive | you *not said here* | mighty |  | the streets of Ashkelon |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Result |
| 3 | **rejoice** | present | the daughters of the Philistines |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **triumph** | present | the daughters |  |  |  |  |  | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אַל־תַּגִּ֣ידוּ בְגַ֔ת אַֽל־תְּבַשְּׂר֖וּ בְּחוּצֹ֣ת אַשְׁקְל֑וֹן פֶּן־תִּשְׂמַ֙חְנָה֙ בְּנ֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים פֶּֽן־תַּעֲלֹ֖זְנָה בְּנ֥וֹת הָעֲרֵלִֽים׃

[2 Samuel 1:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.20/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:24` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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