---
title: 2 Samuel 1:22 (JPS 1917) — From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of… · tree and pragmatics
description: From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty. Who acts: bow, sword. 2 Samuel 1:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:22 · JPS 1917

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From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.

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**Who acts:** bow, sword · **What happens:** not turn back, return · **To what, where:** blood

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This is 2 Samuel 1:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (bow, sword), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:26
# text = From the blood of the slain, from the fat of the mighty, the bow of Jonathan turned not back, and the sword of Saul returned not empty.
1	From	from	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	blood	blood	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	slain	slain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	fat	fat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	mighty	mighty	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	bow	bow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	turned	turn	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
20	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
21	back	back	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
24	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	25	det	_	_
25	sword	sword	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	19	conj	_	_
29	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	30	advmod	_	_
30	empty	empty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	19	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **turn back** | past | the bow of Jonathan |  |  | the blood of the slain |  | from the fat of the mighty | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP PP.source»: agent=Agent from blood=Source |
| 2 | **return** | past | the sword of Saul |  |  |  |  | empty *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מִדַּ֣ם חֲלָלִ֗ים מֵחֵ֙לֶב֙ גִּבּוֹרִ֔ים קֶ֚שֶׁת יְה֣וֹנָתָ֔ן לֹ֥א נָשׂ֖וֹג אָח֑וֹר וְחֶ֣רֶב שָׁא֔וּל לֹ֥א תָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃

[2 Samuel 1:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:26` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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