---
title: 2 Samuel 10:18 (JPS 1917) — And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there. Who acts: Arameans, David. 2 Samuel 10:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of
---

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# 2 Samuel 10:18 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Arameans, David · **What happens:** flee, slay, smite, die · **To what, where:** hundred drivers, Shobach

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 10:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Arameans, David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:265
# text = And the Arameans fled before Israel; and David slew of the Arameans seven hundred drivers of chariots, and forty thousand horsemen, and smote Shobach the captain of their host, so that he died there.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	4	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	Arameans	aramean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	4	nsubj	_	_
4	fled	flee	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	before	before	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	10	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
9	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
10	slew	slay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	conj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	Arameans	aramean	PROPN	NNPS	Number=Plur	10	obl	_	_
14	seven	seven	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	15	compound	_	_
15	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	16	nummod	_	_
16	drivers	driver	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	chariots	chariot	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	23	cc	_	_
21	forty	forty	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	22	compound	_	_
22	thousand	thousand	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	23	nummod	_	_
23	horsemen	horseman	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	16	conj	_	_
24	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
25	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
26	smote	smite	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	conj	_	_
27	Shobach	Shobach	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	captain	captain	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	appos	_	_
30	of	of	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
31	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	32	nmod:poss	_	_
32	host	host	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nmod	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
34	so	so	SCONJ	IN	_	37	mark	_	_
35	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	34	fixed	_	_
36	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	nsubj	_	_
37	died	die	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	advcl	_	_
38	there	there	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	37	advmod	_	_
39	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **flee** | past | the Arameans |  |  |  | before Israel |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **slay** | past | David | hundred drivers of chariots and thousand horsemen |  |  |  | of the Arameans | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent driver=Patient |
| 3 | **smite** | past | David *not said here* | Shobach |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus shobach=Experiencer |
| 4 | **die** | past | David |  |  | there |  |  | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֣נָס אֲרָם֮ מִפְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵל֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג דָּוִ֜ד מֵאֲרָ֗ם שְׁבַ֤ע מֵאוֹת֙ רֶ֔כֶב וְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אֶ֖לֶף פָּרָשִׁ֑ים וְאֵ֨ת שׁוֹבַ֧ךְ שַׂר־צְבָא֛וֹ הִכָּ֖ה וַיָּ֥מָת שָֽׁם׃

[2 Samuel 10:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:265` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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