--- title: 2 Samuel 10:19 (JPS 1917) — And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they… · tree and pragmatics description: And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. Who acts: kings, Arameans. 2 Samuel 10:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.266/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 10](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/10/) / [10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.19/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 10:19 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. **Who acts:** kings, Arameans · **What happens:** be, see, put, make, serve · **To what, where:** servants, Hadadezer, Arameans, peace · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 10:19 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (kings, Arameans), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:266 # text = And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 2 when when SCONJ WRB _ 11 mark _ _ 3 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 5 det:predet _ _ 4 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 kings king NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 nsubj _ _ 6 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 8 nsubj _ _ 7 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 8 cop _ _ 8 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 5 acl:relcl _ _ 9 to to ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 Hadadezer Hadadezer PROPN NNP Number=Sing 8 obl _ _ 11 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 advcl _ _ 12 that that SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 13 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 15 nsubj:pass _ _ 14 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 15 aux:pass _ _ 15 put put VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 ccomp _ _ 16 to to ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 worse worse NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 19 before before ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 20 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 21 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 22 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 23 nsubj _ _ 23 made make VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 24 peace peace NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obj _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 Israel Israel PROPN NNP Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 29 served serve VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 30 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 . . PUNCT . _ 23 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | past | all kings | servants | Hadadezer | | | | tree rules | | 2 | **see** | past | all kings | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 3 | **put** | past · passive | | Arameans *= aramean* | | | before Israel | to the worse | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: subject=Theme before israel=Destination | | 4 | **make** | past | Arameans *= aramean* | peace | | | | with Israel | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset peace=Product | | 5 | **serve** | past | Arameans *= aramean* *not said here* | Arameans *= aramean* | | | | | vn masquerade-29.6-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיִּרְא֨וּ כָֽל־הַמְּלָכִ֜ים עַבְדֵ֣י הֲדַדְעֶ֗זֶר כִּ֤י נִגְּפוּ֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיַּשְׁלִ֥מוּ אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיַּֽעַבְד֑וּם וַיִּֽרְא֣וּ אֲרָ֔ם לְהוֹשִׁ֥יעַ ע֖וֹד אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י עַמּֽוֹן׃פ [2 Samuel 10:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.19/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. **And when all the kings that were servants to Hadadezer saw that they were put to the worse before Israel, they made peace with Israel, and served them.** 2. [So the Arameans feared to help the children of Ammon any more.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.267/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:266` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.265/) - next →: [2 Samuel 10:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.267/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 10:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.10.19/)