---
title: 2 Samuel 11:1 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kin… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah. Who acts: it, kings, David, year. 2 Samuel 11:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tre
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.268/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 11](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/11/) / [11:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.1/) / JPS 1

# 2 Samuel 11:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** it, kings, David, year · **What happens:** come, pass, go out, send, destroy, besiege · **To what, where:** return, Joab, children, Rabbah

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 11:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, kings, David, year), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:268
# text = And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
7	at	at	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	return	return	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	year	year	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	at	at	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	time	time	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
17	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	19	advmod	_	_
18	kings	king	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
19	go	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	acl:relcl	_	_
20	out	out	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
21	to	to	PART	TO	_	22	case	_	_
22	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	26	mark	_	_
25	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
27	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	31	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
30	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	31	nmod:poss	_	_
31	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	27	conj	_	_
32	with	with	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	31	nmod	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	37	punct	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	37	cc	_	_
36	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	37	det	_	_
37	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	conj	_	_
38	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	41	punct	_	_
39	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	41	cc	_	_
40	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	nsubj	_	_
41	destroyed	destroy	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
42	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	43	det	_	_
43	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	41	obj	_	_
44	of	of	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	Ammon	Ammon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	43	nmod	_	_
46	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	48	punct	_	_
47	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	48	cc	_	_
48	besieged	besiege	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
49	Rabbah	Rabbah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	48	obj	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past | it |  |  | the return of the year | time |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **go out** | present | kings |  |  |  |  | to battle; out *property* | vn interact-36.6 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **send** | past | David | Joab and David's servants with him and all Israel |  |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent joab=Theme |
| 5 | **destroy** | past | kings *= king* | the children of Ammon |  |  |  |  | vn destroy-44 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent child=Patient |
| 6 | **besiege** | past | kings *= king* *not said here* | Rabbah |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **return** |  | the year |  |  |  |  |  | nom return «communication intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִי֩ לִתְשׁוּבַ֨ת הַשָּׁנָ֜ה לְעֵ֣ת ׀ צֵ֣את הַמַּלְאֿכִ֗יםוַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח דָּוִ֡ד אֶת־יוֹאָב֩ וְאֶת־עֲבָדָ֨יו עִמּ֜וֹ וְאֶת־כָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל וַיַּשְׁחִ֙תוּ֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמּ֔וֹן וַיָּצֻ֖רוּ עַל־רַבָּ֑ה וְדָוִ֖ד יוֹשֵׁ֥ב בִּירוּשָׁלִָֽם׃ס

[2 Samuel 11:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.1/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And it came to pass, at the return of the year, at the time when kings go out to battle, that David sent Joab, and his servants with him, and all Israel; and they destroyed the children of Ammon, and besieged Rabbah.**
2. [But David tarried at Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.269/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:268` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Samuel 10:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.267/)
- next →: [2 Samuel 11:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.269/)
- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 11:1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.1/)