---
title: 2 Samuel 11:14 (JPS 1917) — And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joa… · tree and pragmatics
description: And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah. Who acts: David. 2 Samuel 11:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 11:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** come, pass, write, send · **To what, where:** house, letter, Joab

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This is 2 Samuel 11:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:283
# text = And it came to pass in the morning, that David wrote a letter to Joab, and sent it by the hand of Uriah.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	expl	_	_
3	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	csubj	_	_
6	in	in	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	morning	morning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	12	mark	_	_
11	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	nsubj	_	_
12	wrote	write	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
13	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	letter	letter	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	obj	_	_
15	to	to	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
17	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
20	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	19	obj	_	_
21	by	by	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	Uriah	Uriah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	23	nmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **come** | past |  | house |  |  | morning |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **pass** | to-infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **write** | past | David | a letter | Joab |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent letter=Topic to joab=Recipient |
| 4 | **send** | past | David *not said here* | letter |  |  |  | by the hand of Uriah | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיְהִ֣י בַבֹּ֔קֶר וַיִּכְתֹּ֥ב דָּוִ֛ד סֵ֖פֶר אֶל־יוֹאָ֑ב וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח בְּיַ֥ד אוּרִיָּֽה׃

[2 Samuel 11:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:283` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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