---
title: 2 Samuel 11:18 (JPS 1917) — Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war; · tree and pragmatics
description: Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war; Who acts: Joab. 2 Samuel 11:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 11:18 · JPS 1917

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Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;

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**Who acts:** Joab · **What happens:** send, tell · **To what, where:** things, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 11:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:287
# text = Then Joab sent and told David all the things concerning the war;
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	3	advmod	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	5	cc	_	_
5	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
6	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	iobj	_	_
7	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	9	det:predet	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obj	_	_
10	concerning	concern	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **send** | past | Joab |  |  |  | then |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | Joab *not said here* | all things | David |  |  | concern the war | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent david=Recipient thing=Topic |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיִּשְׁלַ֖ח יוֹאָ֑ב וַיַּגֵּ֣ד לְדָוִ֔ד אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֖י הַמִּלְחָמָֽה׃

[2 Samuel 11:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.11.18/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:287` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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