--- title: 2 Samuel 12:3 (JPS 1917) — but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had… · tree and pragmatics description: but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. Who acts: poor man, lamb, poor. 2 Samuel 12:3 --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.301/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / [12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.3/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 12:3 · JPS 1917 but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. **Who acts:** poor man, lamb, poor · **What happens:** have, buy, rear, grow up, eat, drink · **To what, where:** nothing, one little ewe lamb, bosom This is 2 Samuel 12:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (poor man, lamb, poor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:301 # text = but the poor man had nothing save one little ewe lamb, which he had bought and reared; and it grew up together with him, and with his children; it did eat of his own morsel, and drank of his own cup, and lay in his bosom, and was unto him as a daughter. 1 but but CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 3 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 4 amod _ _ 4 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 nothing nothing PRON NN PronType=Neg 5 obj _ _ 7 save save ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 8 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 11 nummod _ _ 9 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 amod _ _ 10 ewe ewe NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 compound _ _ 11 lamb lamb NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 13 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 16 obj _ _ 14 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 16 nsubj _ _ 15 had have AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 16 aux _ _ 16 bought buy VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 acl:relcl _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 18 cc _ _ 18 reared rear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 16 conj _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 22 punct _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 21 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 nsubj _ _ 22 grew grow VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 23 up up ADP RP _ 22 compound:prt _ _ 24 together together ADV RB _ 22 advmod _ _ 25 with with ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 26 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obl _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 29 with with ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 31 nmod:poss _ _ 31 children child NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 conj _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 35 punct _ _ 33 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 34 did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 35 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 5 conj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 37 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 39 nmod:poss _ _ 38 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 39 amod _ _ 39 morsel morsel NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 40 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 41 and and CCONJ CC _ 42 cc _ _ 42 drank drink VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 43 of of ADP IN _ 46 case _ _ 44 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 46 nmod:poss _ _ 45 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 46 amod _ _ 46 cup cup NOUN NN Number=Sing 42 obl _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 lay lie VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 35 conj _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 51 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 52 nmod:poss _ _ 52 bosom bosom NOUN NN Number=Sing 49 obl _ _ 53 , , PUNCT , _ 57 punct _ _ 54 and and CCONJ CC _ 57 cc _ _ 55 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 57 cop _ _ 56 unto unto ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 57 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 conj _ _ 58 as as ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 daughter daughter NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 obl _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | past | the poor man | nothing | | | | save one little ewe lamb | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent nothing=Patient | | 2 | **buy** | past · perfect | lamb | one little ewe lamb | | | | | vn accept-77.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent which=Theme | | 3 | **rear** | participle | lamb *not said here* | | | | | | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **grow up** | past | poor | | | | | with lamb; together *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **eat** | past · do-support | poor | | | | | of lamb's own morsel | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of morsel=Source | | 6 | **drink** | past | poor *not said here* | | | | | of lamb's own cup | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent of cup=Source | | 7 | **lie** | past | poor *not said here* | | | lamb's bosom | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent in bosom=Location | | 8 | **is** | past | poor *not said here* | | | | | unto lamb; as a daughter | tree rules | | 9 | **bosom** | | lamb | | | | | | nom bosom «state transitive»: poss=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְלָרָ֣שׁ אֵֽין־כֹּ֗ל כִּי֩ אִם־כִּבְשָׂ֨ה אַחַ֤ת קְטַנָּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר קָנָ֔ה וַיְחַיֶּ֕הָ וַתִּגְדַּ֥ל עִמּ֛וֹ וְעִם־בָּנָ֖יו יַחְדָּ֑ו מִפִּתּ֨וֹ תֹאכַ֜ל וּמִכֹּס֤וֹ תִשְׁתֶּה֙ וּבְחֵיק֣וֹ תִשְׁכָּ֔ב וַתְּהִי־ל֖וֹ כְּבַֽת׃ [2 Samuel 12:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.3/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:301` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:2 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.300/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:4 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.302/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12:3](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.3/)