--- title: 2 Samuel 12:4 (JPS 1917) — And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take… · tree and pragmatics description: And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.' Who acts: traveller. 2 Samuel 12:4 in JPS 1917 with its dep --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.302/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / [12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.4/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 12:4 · JPS 1917 And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.' **Who acts:** traveller · **What happens:** come, spare, take, dress · **To what, where:** wayfaring man, lamb, poor, man This is 2 Samuel 12:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (traveller), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:302 # text = And there came a traveller unto the rich man, and he spared to take of his own flock and of his own herd, to dress for the wayfaring man that was come unto him, but took the poor man's lamb, and dressed it for the man that was come to him.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 3 expl _ _ 3 came come VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 5 det _ _ 5 traveller traveller NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 6 unto unto ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 rich rich ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 13 nsubj _ _ 13 spared spare VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 14 to to PART TO _ 15 mark _ _ 15 take take VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 13 xcomp _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 17 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 19 nmod:poss _ _ 18 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 19 amod _ _ 19 flock flock NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 obl _ _ 20 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 21 of of ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 22 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 23 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 24 amod _ _ 24 herd herd NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 26 to to PART TO _ 27 mark _ _ 27 dress dress VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 15 conj _ _ 28 for for ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 30 wayfaring wayfaring ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 amod _ _ 31 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 obl _ _ 32 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 34 nsubj:pass _ _ 33 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 aux:pass _ _ 34 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 31 acl:relcl _ _ 35 unto unto ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 36 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 38 but but CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 39 took take VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 13 conj _ _ 40 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 42 det _ _ 41 poor poor ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 42 amod _ _ 42 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 nmod:poss _ _ 43 's 's PART POS _ 42 case _ _ 44 lamb lamb NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 47 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 47 cc _ _ 47 dressed dress VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 39 conj _ _ 48 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 47 obj _ _ 49 for for ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 50 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 51 det _ _ 51 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 47 obl _ _ 52 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 54 nsubj:pass _ _ 53 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux:pass _ _ 54 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 51 acl:relcl _ _ 55 to to ADP IN _ 56 case _ _ 56 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 54 obl _ _ 57 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 58 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed act=narrate | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **come** | past | a traveller | | | there | | unto the rich man | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **spare** | past | traveller | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **take** | to-infinitive | traveller *not said here* | | | | | of traveller's own flock and traveller's own herd | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location»: agent=Agent of flock=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **dress** | to-infinitive | traveller *not said here* | | | | | for the wayfaring man | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 5 | **come** | past · passive | | the wayfaring man | | | | unto traveller | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | | 6 | **take** | past | traveller *not said here* | | the poor man's lamb | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument lamb=Destination | | 7 | **dress** | past | traveller *not said here* | poor | | | | for the man | vn dress-41.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | | 8 | **come** | past · passive | | the man | lamb | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «PP.location V NP»: subject=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיָּ֣בֹא הֵלֶךְ֮ לְאִ֣ישׁ הֶֽעָשִׁיר֒ וַיַּחְמֹ֗ל לָקַ֤חַת מִצֹּאנוֹ֙ וּמִבְּקָר֔וֹ לַעֲשׂ֕וֹת לָאֹרֵ֖חַ הַבָּא־ל֑וֹ וַיִּקַּ֗ח אֶת־כִּבְשַׂת֙ הָאִ֣ישׁ הָרָ֔אשׁ וַֽיַּעֲשֶׂ֔הָ לָאִ֖ישׁ הַבָּ֥א אֵלָֽיו׃ [2 Samuel 12:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:302` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.301/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.303/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.4/)