---
title: 2 Samuel 1:27 (JPS 1917) — How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished! · tree and pragmatics
description: How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished! Who acts: weapons. 2 Samuel 1:27 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:27 · JPS 1917

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How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!

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**Who acts:** weapons · **What happens:** fall, perish · **To what, where:** mighty

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This is 2 Samuel 1:27 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (weapons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:32
# text = How are the mighty fallen, and the weapons of war perished!
1	How	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	5	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	mighty	mighty	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
5	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	weapons	weapon	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
10	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
11	war	war	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nmod	_	_
12	perished	perish	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
13	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fall** | present · passive |  | the mighty |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 2 | **perish** | past | the weapons of war |  |  |  |  |  | vn break\_down-45.8 «NP V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֵ֚יךְ נָפְל֣וּ גִבּוֹרִ֔ים וַיֹּאבְד֖וּ כְּלֵ֥י מִלְחָמָֽה׃פ

[2 Samuel 1:27: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.27/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:32` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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