--- title: 2 Samuel 12:19 (JPS 1917) — But when David saw that his servants whispered together, David perce… · tree and pragmatics description: But when David saw that his servants whispered together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants: 'Is the child dead?' And they said: 'He is dead.' Who acts: David, servants, child, children. 2 Samuel 12:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.321/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/12/) / [12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.19/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 12:19 · JPS 1917 But when David saw that his servants whispered together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants: 'Is the child dead?' And they said: 'He is dead.' **Who acts:** David, servants, child, children · **What happens:** see, whisper, perceive, be, say · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 12:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, servants, child, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:321 # text = But when David saw that his servants whispered together, David perceived that the child was dead; and David said unto his servants: 'Is the child dead?' And they said: 'He is dead.' 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 12 cc _ _ 2 when when SCONJ WRB _ 4 mark _ _ 3 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 saw see VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 advcl _ _ 5 that that SCONJ IN _ 8 mark _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 8 nsubj _ _ 8 whispered whisper VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 4 ccomp _ _ 9 together together ADV RB _ 8 advmod _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 11 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 12 perceived perceive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 13 that that SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nsubj _ _ 16 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 17 cop _ _ 17 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 12 ccomp _ _ 18 ; ; PUNCT : _ 21 punct _ _ 19 and and CCONJ CC _ 21 cc _ _ 20 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 21 nsubj _ _ 21 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 22 unto unto ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 23 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 24 nmod:poss _ _ 24 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 21 obl _ _ 25 : : PUNCT : _ 30 punct _ _ 26 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 30 punct _ _ 27 Is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 30 cop _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 nsubj _ _ 30 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 21 ccomp _ _ 31 ? ? PUNCT . _ 30 punct _ _ 32 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 30 punct _ _ 33 And and CCONJ CC _ 35 cc _ _ 34 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 12 conj _ _ 36 : : PUNCT : _ 40 punct _ _ 37 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 40 punct _ _ 38 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 39 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 40 cop _ _ 40 dead dead ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 35 ccomp _ _ 41 . . PUNCT . _ 40 punct _ _ 42 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 40 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: express - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **see** | past | David | | | | | | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | | 2 | **whisper** *speech: assert* | past | David's servants | | | | | together *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **perceive** | past | David | | | | | | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer | | 4 | **is** | past | the child | | | | | dead *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David | | | | | unto David's servants | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **is** | present | the child | | | | | dead *property* | tree rules | | 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | children *= child* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **is** | present | David | | | | | dead *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיַּ֣רְא דָּוִ֗ד כִּ֤י עֲבָדָיו֙ מִֽתְלַחֲשִׁ֔ים וַיָּ֥בֶן דָּוִ֖ד כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת הַיָּ֑לֶד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֧ד אֶל־עֲבָדָ֛יו הֲמֵ֥ת הַיֶּ֖לֶד וַיֹּ֥אמְרוּ מֵֽת׃ [2 Samuel 12:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:321` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 12:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.320/) - next →: [2 Samuel 12:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.322/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 12:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.19/)