---
title: 2 Samuel 12:31 (JPS 1917) — And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them unde… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon. Who acts: David, people. 2 Samuel 12:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# 2 Samuel 12:31 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, people · **What happens:** bring forth, be, put, make, pass, do · **To what, where:** people, saws, brickkiln

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 12:31 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:336
# text = And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	brought	bring	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	forth	forth	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	obj	_	_
7	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	nsubj	_	_
8	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
9	therein	therein	ADV	RB	_	6	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	put	put	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
13	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	obj	_	_
14	under	under	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	saws	saw	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
17	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
18	under	under	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	harrows	harrow	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
20	of	of	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nmod	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
24	under	under	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	axes	ax	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
26	of	of	ADP	IN	_	27	case	_	_
27	iron	iron	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nmod	_	_
28	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
29	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
30	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	12	conj	_	_
31	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obj	_	_
32	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	xcomp	_	_
33	through	through	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	brickkiln	brickkiln	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	39	advmod	_	_
39	did	do	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
40	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	39	nsubj	_	_
41	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	44	case	_	_
42	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	44	det:predet	_	_
43	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	44	det	_	_
44	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	39	obl	_	_
45	of	of	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
46	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	47	det	_	_
47	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	44	nmod	_	_
48	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
49	Ammon	Ammon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	47	nmod	_	_
50	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **bring forth** | past | David | the people |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent people=Patient |
| 2 | **is** | past | the people |  |  |  |  | therein *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **put** | past | David *not said here* | people |  | saws and harrows of iron and axes of iron |  |  | vn put-9.1-2 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent they=Theme under saw=Destination |
| 4 | **make** | past | David *not said here* | people |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **pass** | infinitive | people *not said here* |  |  | the brickkiln |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme through brickkiln=Location |
| 6 | **do** | past | David |  |  |  |  | unto all cities of the children of Ammon; thus *property* | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְאֶת־הָעָ֨ם אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֜הּ הוֹצִ֗יא וַיָּ֣שֶׂם בַּ֠מְּגֵרָה וּבַחֲרִצֵ֨י הַבַּרְזֶ֜ל וּֽבְמַגְזְרֹ֣ת הַבַּרְזֶ֗ל וְהֶעֱבִ֤יר אוֹתָם֙ בַּמַּלְבֵּ֔ן וְכֵ֣ן יַעֲשֶׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל עָרֵ֣י בְנֵֽי־עַמּ֑וֹן וַיָּ֧שָׁב דָּוִ֛ד וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם יְרוּשָׁלִָֽם׃פ

[2 Samuel 12:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.12.31/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. **And he brought forth the people that were therein, and put them under saws, and under harrows of iron, and under axes of iron, and made them pass through the brickkiln; and thus did he unto all the cities of the children of Ammon.**
2. [And David and all the people returned unto Jerusalem.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.337/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:336` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
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