---
title: 2 Samuel 13:3 (JPS 1917) — But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah D… · tree and pragmatics
description: But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David's brother; and Jonadab was a very subtle man. Who acts: Amnon, name, Jonadab. 2 Samuel 13:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 13:3 · JPS 1917

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But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David's brother; and Jonadab was a very subtle man.

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**Who acts:** Amnon, name, Jonadab · **What happens:** have, be, name · **To what, where:** friend, Jonadab, subtle man

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This is 2 Samuel 13:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Amnon, name, Jonadab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:340
# text = But Amnon had a friend, whose name was Jonadab, the son of Shimeah David's brother; and Jonadab was a very subtle man.
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Amnon	Amnon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	name	name	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	nsubj	_	_
9	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	Jonadab	Jonadab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	acl:relcl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	appos	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
15	Shimeah	Shimeah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	's	's	PART	POS	_	16	case	_	_
18	brother	brother	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
19	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
21	Jonadab	Jonadab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
22	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
23	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
24	very	very	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
25	subtle	subtle	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	26	amod	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **have** | past | Amnon | a friend |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent friend=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | past | Jonadab's name | Jonadab |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | past | Jonadab | a subtle man |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **name** |  | Jonadab |  |  |  |  |  | nom name «communication transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וּלְאַמְנ֣וֹן רֵ֗עַ וּשְׁמוֹ֙ יֽוֹנָדָ֔ב בֶּן־שִׁמְעָ֖ה אֲחִ֣י דָוִ֑ד וְי֣וֹנָדָ֔ב אִ֥ישׁ חָכָ֖ם מְאֹֽד׃

[2 Samuel 13:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:340` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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