--- title: 2 Samuel 13:28 (JPS 1917) — And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon… · tree and pragmatics description: And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you: Smite Amnon, then kill him, fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.' Who acts: Absalom, ye, heart, I. 2 Samuel 13:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tr --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.369/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/13/) / [13:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.28/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 13:28 · JPS 1917 And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you: Smite Amnon, then kill him, fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.' **Who acts:** Absalom, ye, heart, I · **What happens:** command, say, mark, be, smite, kill · **To what, where:** servants, Amnon, you · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 13:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Absalom, ye, heart, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:369 # text = And Absalom commanded his servants, saying: 'Mark ye now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I say unto you: Smite Amnon, then kill him, fear not; have not I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Absalom Absalom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 commanded command VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 5 nmod:poss _ _ 5 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 8 : : PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 9 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 10 punct _ _ 10 Mark mark VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 7 ccomp _ _ 11 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 10 nsubj _ _ 12 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 10 advmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 14 when when SCONJ WRB _ 19 mark _ _ 15 Amnon Amnon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 17 nmod:poss _ _ 16 's 's PART POS _ 15 case _ _ 17 heart heart NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nsubj _ _ 18 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 19 cop _ _ 19 merry merry ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 advcl _ _ 20 with with ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 wine wine NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 obl _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 24 when when SCONJ WRB _ 26 mark _ _ 25 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 26 say say VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 advcl _ _ 27 unto unto ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 28 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 26 obl _ _ 29 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 30 Smite smite VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 26 ccomp _ _ 31 Amnon Amnon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 30 obj _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 33 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 34 advmod _ _ 34 kill kill VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 10 conj _ _ 35 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 obj _ _ 36 , , PUNCT , _ 37 punct _ _ 37 fear fear VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 34 conj _ _ 38 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 39 ; ; PUNCT : _ 43 punct _ _ 40 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 41 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 43 advmod _ _ 42 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 commanded command VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 34 parataxis _ _ 44 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 43 obj _ _ 45 ? ? PUNCT . _ 43 punct _ _ 46 be be AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 47 cop _ _ 47 courageous courageous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 parataxis _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 51 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 51 cc _ _ 50 be be AUX VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 51 cop _ _ 51 valiant valiant ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 47 conj _ _ 52 . . PUNCT . _ 10 punct _ _ 53 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 10 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed form=imp, act=request | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **command** | past | Absalom | king's servants | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.predicate»: agent=Agent servant=Eventuality | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | Absalom *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 3 | **mark** | infinitive | ye | | | | now | | vn image\_impression-25.1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 4 | **is** | present | Amnon's heart | | | | | with wine; merry *property* | tree rules | | 5 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | I | | | | | unto you | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 6 | **smite** | infinitive | | Amnon | | | | | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus amnon=Experiencer | | 7 | **kill** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | Amnon | | | then | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | | 8 | **not** **fear** | infinitive | ye *not said here* | | | | | | vn marvel-31.3 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | | 9 | **not** **command** | present · perfect | I | you | | | | | vn supervision-95.2.2-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent you=Theme | | 10 | **is** | infinitive | | | | | | courageous *property* | tree rules | | 11 | **is** | infinitive | | | | | | valiant *property* | tree rules | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְצַו֩ אַבְשָׁל֨וֹם אֶת־נְעָרָ֜יו לֵאמֹ֗ר רְא֣וּ נָ֠א כְּט֨וֹב לֵב־אַמְנ֤וֹן בַּיַּ֙יִן֙ וְאָמַרְתִּ֣י אֲלֵיכֶ֔ם הַכּ֧וּ אֶת־אַמְנ֛וֹן וַהֲמִתֶּ֥ם אֹת֖וֹ אַל־תִּירָ֑אוּ הֲל֗וֹא כִּ֤י אָֽנֹכִי֙ צִוִּ֣יתִי אֶתְכֶ֔ם חִזְק֖וּ וִהְי֥וּ לִבְנֵי־חָֽיִל׃ [2 Samuel 13:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.28/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:369` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 13:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.368/) - next →: [2 Samuel 13:29 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.370/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 13:28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.13.28/)