---
title: 2 Samuel 14:1 (JPS 1917) — Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart was towa… · tree and pragmatics
description: Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart was toward Absalom. Who acts: Joab, heart. 2 Samuel 14:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 14:1 · JPS 1917

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Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart was toward Absalom.

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**Who acts:** Joab, heart · **What happens:** perceive, be

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This is 2 Samuel 14:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Joab, heart), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:384
# text = Now Joab the son of Zeruiah perceived that the king's heart was toward Absalom.
1	Now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	7	advmod	_	_
2	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	appos	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Zeruiah	Zeruiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	nmod	_	_
7	perceived	perceive	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	15	mark	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod:poss	_	_
11	's	's	PART	POS	_	10	case	_	_
12	heart	heart	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
13	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
14	toward	toward	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	ccomp	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **perceive** | past | Joab |  |  |  | now |  | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer |
| 2 | **is** | past | the king's heart |  |  |  |  | toward Absalom | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֵּ֖דַע יוֹאָ֣ב בֶּן־צְרֻיָ֑ה כִּֽי־לֵ֥ב הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עַל־אַבְשָׁלֽוֹם׃

[2 Samuel 14:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:384` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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