---
title: 2 Samuel 14:14 (JPS 1917) — For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which c… · tree and pragmatics
description: For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person; but let him devise means, that he that is banished be not an outcast from him. Who acts: we, God. 2 Samuel 14:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.398/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/14/) / [14:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.14/) / JPS 1

# 2 Samuel 14:14 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person; but let him devise means, that he that is banished be not an outcast from him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** we, God · **What happens:** die, be, spill, not gather up, respect, let · **To what, where:** water, ground, person, God, means, outcast

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 14:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, God), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:398
# text = For we must needs die, and are as water spilt on the ground, which cannot be gathered up again; neither doth God respect any person; but let him devise means, that he that is banished be not an outcast from him.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
3	must	must	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
4	needs	needs	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
5	die	die	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
8	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
9	as	as	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	water	water	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	conj	_	_
11	spilt	spill	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl	_	_
12	on	on	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	ground	ground	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
16	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj:pass	_	_
17	can	can	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
19	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux:pass	_	_
20	gathered	gather	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	10	acl:relcl	_	_
21	up	up	ADP	RP	_	20	compound:prt	_	_
22	again	again	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
23	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
24	neither	neither	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	27	cc	_	_
25	doth	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	27	aux	_	_
26	God	God	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	respect	respect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	parataxis	_	_
28	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	29	det	_	_
29	person	person	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
31	but	but	CCONJ	CC	_	32	cc	_	_
32	let	let	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	27	conj	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	32	obj	_	_
34	devise	devise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	xcomp	_	_
35	means	means	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	45	punct	_	_
37	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	45	mark	_	_
38	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nsubj	_	_
39	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	41	nsubj:pass	_	_
40	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	41	aux:pass	_	_
41	banished	banish	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	acl:relcl	_	_
42	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	45	cop	_	_
43	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	45	advmod	_	_
44	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	outcast	outcast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	advcl	_	_
46	from	from	ADP	IN	_	47	case	_	_
47	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	45	nmod	_	_
48	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed act=suggest

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **die** | must | we |  |  |  |  | needs *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | we *not said here* |  |  |  |  | as water | tree rules |
| 3 | **spill** | participle |  | water *not said here* |  | the ground |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on ground=Location |
| 4 | **not** **gather up** | can · passive |  | water |  |  | again |  | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 5 | **respect** | present · do-support | God | any person |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer person=Stimulus |
| 6 | **let** | infinitive | God *not said here* | God |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 7 | **devise** | infinitive | God *not said here* | means |  |  |  |  | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent means=Patient |
| 8 | **banish** | present · passive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |
| 9 | **not** **is a** | infinitive | God | a outcast |  |  |  | from king | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּי־מ֣וֹת נָמ֔וּת וְכַמַּ֙יִם֙ הַנִּגָּרִ֣ים אַ֔רְצָה אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֣א יֵאָסֵ֑פוּ וְלֹֽא־יִשָּׂ֤א אֱלֹהִים֙ נֶ֔פֶשׁ וְחָשַׁב֙ מַֽחֲשָׁב֔וֹת לְבִלְתִּ֛י יִדַּ֥ח מִמֶּ֖נּוּ נִדָּֽח׃

[2 Samuel 14:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.14/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:398` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [2 Samuel 14:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.397/)
- next →: [2 Samuel 14:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.399/)
- ↑ back to [2 Samuel 14:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.14.14/)