---
title: 2 Samuel 1:4 (JPS 1917) — I pray thee, tell me.' And he answered: 'The people are fled from th… · tree and pragmatics
description: I pray thee, tell me.' And he answered: 'The people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.' Who acts: I, David, Saul. 2 Samuel 1:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 1:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
I pray thee, tell me.' And he answered: 'The people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.'

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**Who acts:** I, David, Saul · **What happens:** pray, tell, answer, flee, fall, be · **To what, where:** thee, me, people, battle, many · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 1:4 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, David, Saul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:4
# text = I pray thee, tell me.' And he answered: 'The people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.'
1	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	2	nsubj	_	_
2	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	2	obj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	tell	tell	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
6	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	iobj	_	_
7	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
9	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
10	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	answered	answer	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	17	punct	_	_
14	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	nsubj:pass	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux:pass	_	_
17	fled	flee	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	11	ccomp	_	_
18	from	from	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	battle	battle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
23	many	many	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	people	people	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
27	also	also	ADV	RB	_	29	advmod	_	_
28	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	aux:pass	_	_
29	fallen	fall	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	conj	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	31	cc	_	_
31	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	29	conj	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	40	punct	_	_
33	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
34	Saul	Saul	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	40	nsubj	_	_
35	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	36	cc	_	_
36	Jonathan	Jonathan	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	34	conj	_	_
37	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	38	nmod:poss	_	_
38	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	36	appos	_	_
39	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	40	cop	_	_
40	dead	dead	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	conj	_	_
41	also	also	ADV	RB	_	40	advmod	_	_
42	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
43	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=request, polarity=none

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **tell** *speech: assert* | infinitive |  |  | me |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent i=Recipient |
| 3 | **answer** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **flee** | present · passive |  | the people |  | the battle |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **fall** | present · passive |  | many of the people |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1 «NP V ADJ»: subject=Result |
| 6 | **is** | present | Saul and Jonathan |  |  |  |  | dead *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֥יו דָּוִ֛ד מֶה־הָיָ֥ה הַדָּבָ֖ר הַגֶּד־נָ֣א לִ֑י וַ֠יֹּאמֶר אֲשֶׁר־נָ֨ס הָעָ֜ם מִן־הַמִּלְחָמָ֗ה וְגַם־הַרְבֵּ֞ה נָפַ֤ל מִן־הָעָם֙ וַיָּמֻ֔תוּ וְגַ֗ם שָׁא֛וּל וִיהוֹנָתָ֥ן בְּנ֖וֹ מֵֽתוּ׃

[2 Samuel 1:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.1.4/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [And David said unto him: 'How went the matter?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.3/)
2. **I pray thee, tell me.' And he answered: 'The people are fled from the battle, and many of the people also are fallen and dead; and Saul and Jonathan his son are dead also.'**

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:4` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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