---
title: 2 Samuel 15:2 (JPS 1917) — And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the g… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the gate; and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: 'Of what city art thou?' And he said: 'Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.' Who acts: Ab
---

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# 2 Samuel 15:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the gate; and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: 'Of what city art thou?' And he said: 'Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.'

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Absalom, man, suit, thou, servant · **What happens:** use, rise up, stand, be, have, come · **To what, where:** way, suit · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 15:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Absalom, man, suit, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:419
# text = And Absalom used to rise up early, and stand beside the way of the gate; and it was so, that when any man had a suit which should come to the king for judgment, then Absalom called unto him, and said: 'Of what city art thou?' And he said: 'Thy servant is of one of the tribes of Israel.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	used	use	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	PART	TO	_	5	mark	_	_
5	rise	rise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
6	up	up	ADP	RP	_	5	compound:prt	_	_
7	early	early	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	5	advmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	stand	stand	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	conj	_	_
11	beside	beside	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	way	way	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	obl	_	_
14	of	of	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	gate	gate	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
17	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
19	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	21	expl	_	_
20	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
21	so	so	ADV	RB	_	3	conj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	41	punct	_	_
23	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	41	mark	_	_
24	when	when	ADV	WRB	_	27	advmod	_	_
25	any	any	DET	DT	PronType=Ind	26	det	_	_
26	man	man	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nsubj	_	_
27	had	have	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	advcl	_	_
28	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	29	det	_	_
29	suit	suit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	obj	_	_
30	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	32	nsubj	_	_
31	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	acl:relcl	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	for	for	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	judgment	judgment	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
38	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
39	then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	41	advmod	_	_
40	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	41	nsubj	_	_
41	called	call	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	21	csubj	_	_
42	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	43	case	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	41	obl	_	_
44	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
45	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
46	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	41	conj	_	_
47	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	46	punct	_	_
48	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	51	punct	_	_
49	Of	of	ADP	IN	_	51	case	_	_
50	what	what	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	51	det	_	_
51	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	46	ccomp	_	_
52	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	51	cop	_	_
53	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	51	nsubj	_	_
54	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	51	punct	_	_
55	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	51	punct	_	_
56	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	58	cc	_	_
57	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	58	nsubj	_	_
58	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
59	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	65	punct	_	_
60	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	65	punct	_	_
61	Thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	62	nmod:poss	_	_
62	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	65	nsubj	_	_
63	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	65	cop	_	_
64	of	of	ADP	IN	_	65	case	_	_
65	one	one	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	58	ccomp	_	_
66	of	of	ADP	IN	_	68	case	_	_
67	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	68	det	_	_
68	tribes	tribe	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	65	nmod	_	_
69	of	of	ADP	IN	_	70	case	_	_
70	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	68	nmod	_	_
71	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	65	punct	_	_
72	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	65	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **use** | past | Absalom |  |  |  |  |  | vn use-105.1 «NP V NP S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Eventuality |
| 2 | **rise up** | to-infinitive | Absalom *not said here* |  |  |  |  | early *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **stand** | infinitive | Absalom *not said here* |  |  | the way of the gate |  |  | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent beside way=Location |
| 4 | **is** | past | Absalom *not said here* |  |  |  |  | so *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **have** | past | any man | a suit |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent suit=Patient |
| 6 | **come** | should | a suit |  |  |  |  | to the king; for judgment | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to king=Initial\_Location |
| 7 | **call** | past | Absalom |  |  |  | then | unto king | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Absalom *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 9 | **is** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | of what city | tree rules |
| 10 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Absalom |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 11 | **is** | present | Thy servant |  |  |  |  | of one; of the tribes of Israel | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְהִשְׁכִּים֙ אַבְשָׁל֔וֹם וְעָמַ֕ד עַל־יַ֖ד דֶּ֣רֶךְ הַשָּׁ֑עַר וַיְהִ֡י כָּל־הָאִ֣ישׁ אֲשֶֽׁר־יִהְיֶה־לּוֹ־רִיב֩ לָב֨וֹא אֶל־הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ לַמִּשְׁפָּ֗ט וַיִּקְרָ֨א אַבְשָׁל֤וֹם אֵלָיו֙ וַיֹּ֗אמֶר אֵֽי־מִזֶּ֥ה עִיר֙ אַ֔תָּה וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מֵאַחַ֥ד שִׁבְטֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃

[2 Samuel 15:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:419` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.418/)
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