--- title: 2 Samuel 15:14 (JPS 1917) — And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem… · tree and pragmatics description: And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem: 'Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us shall escape from Absalom; make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.' Who acts: David, servants, us, --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.432/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/) / [15:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.14/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 15:14 · JPS 1917 And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem: 'Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us shall escape from Absalom; make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.' **Who acts:** David, servants, us, none · **What happens:** say, be, arise, let, flee, escape · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, us, Absalom, speed, evil, city · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is 2 Samuel 15:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, servants, us, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:432 # text = And David said unto all his servants that were with him at Jerusalem: 'Arise, and let us flee; or else none of us shall escape from Absalom; make speed to depart, lest he overtake us quickly, and bring down evil upon us, and smite the city with the edge of the sword.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 David David PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 5 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 7 det:predet _ _ 6 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 7 nmod:poss _ _ 7 servants servant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 obl _ _ 8 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 11 nsubj _ _ 9 were be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 10 with with ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 acl:relcl _ _ 12 at at ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 Jerusalem Jerusalem PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 14 : : PUNCT : _ 16 punct _ _ 15 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 16 punct _ _ 16 Arise arise VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 3 ccomp _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 19 let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 16 conj _ _ 20 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 19 obj _ _ 21 flee flee VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 19 xcomp _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 29 punct _ _ 23 or or CCONJ CC _ 29 cc _ _ 24 else else ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 25 none none PRON NN PronType=Neg 29 nsubj _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nmod _ _ 28 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 29 escape escape VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 16 conj _ _ 30 from from ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 31 Absalom Absalom PROPN NNP Number=Sing 29 obl _ _ 32 ; ; PUNCT : _ 33 punct _ _ 33 make make VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 conj _ _ 34 speed speed NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 obj _ _ 35 to to PART TO _ 36 mark _ _ 36 depart depart VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 acl _ _ 37 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 38 lest lest SCONJ IN _ 40 mark _ _ 39 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 40 nsubj _ _ 40 overtake overtake VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 33 advcl _ _ 41 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 40 obj _ _ 42 quickly quickly ADV RB _ 40 advmod _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 45 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 40 conj _ _ 46 down down ADP RP _ 45 compound:prt _ _ 47 evil evil NOUN NN Number=Sing 45 obj _ _ 48 upon upon ADP IN _ 49 case _ _ 49 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 45 obl _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 smite smite VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 conj _ _ 53 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 54 det _ _ 54 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obj _ _ 55 with with ADP IN _ 57 case _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 edge edge NOUN NN Number=Sing 52 obl _ _ 58 of of ADP IN _ 60 case _ _ 59 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 60 det _ _ 60 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 57 nmod _ _ 61 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 62 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David | | | | | unto David's servants | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **is** | past | David's servants | | | Jerusalem | | with servant | tree rules | | 3 | **arise** | infinitive | | | | | | | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **let** | infinitive | | us | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **flee** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **escape** | shall | none | | | Absalom | | else *property* | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from absalom=Initial\_Location | | 7 | **make** | infinitive | none *not said here* | speed | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset speed=Product | | 8 | **depart** | to-infinitive | none *not said here* | speed *not said here* | | | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 9 | **overtake** | infinitive | David | us | | | | quickly *property* | tree rules | | 10 | **bring down** | infinitive | David *not said here* | evil | | | | upon us | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent evil=Theme | | 11 | **smite** | infinitive | David *not said here* | the city | | | | with the edge of the sword | vn hit-18.1 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent city=Patient with edge=Instrument | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּ֠וִד לְכָל־עֲבָדָ֨יו אֲשֶׁר־אִתּ֤וֹ בִירוּשָׁלִַ֙ם֙ ק֣וּמוּ וְנִבְרָ֔חָה כִּ֛י לֹא־תִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֥נוּ פְלֵיטָ֖ה מִפְּנֵ֣י אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם מַהֲר֣וּ לָלֶ֗כֶת פֶּן־יְמַהֵ֤ר וְהִשִּׂגָ֙נוּ֙ וְהִדִּ֤יחַ עָלֵ֙ינוּ֙ אֶת־הָ֣רָעָ֔ה וְהִכָּ֥ה הָעִ֖יר לְפִי־חָֽרֶב׃ [2 Samuel 15:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:432` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.431/) - next →: [2 Samuel 15:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.433/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 15:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.14/)