---
title: 2 Samuel 15:19 (JPS 1917) — Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite: 'Wherefore goest thou also… · tree and pragmatics
description: Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite: 'Wherefore goest thou also with us? return, and abide with the king; for thou art a foreigner, and also an exile from thine own place. Who acts: king, thou. 2 Samuel 15:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 15:19 · JPS 1917

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Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite: 'Wherefore goest thou also with us? return, and abide with the king; for thou art a foreigner, and also an exile from thine own place.

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**Who acts:** king, thou · **What happens:** say, go, return, abide, be · **To what, where:** Ittai, foreigner · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 15:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:438
# text = Then said the king to Ittai the Gittite: 'Wherefore goest thou also with us? return, and abide with the king; for thou art a foreigner, and also an exile from thine own place.
1	Then	then	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	2	advmod	_	_
2	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nsubj	_	_
5	to	to	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Ittai	Ittai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	obl	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	Gittite	Gittite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	12	punct	_	_
11	Wherefore	wherefore	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	12	advmod	_	_
12	goest	go	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	ccomp	_	_
13	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	12	nsubj	_	_
14	also	also	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
15	with	with	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
16	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	12	obl	_	_
17	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	12	punct	_	_
18	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	parataxis	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	abide	abide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	18	conj	_	_
22	with	with	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obl	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	30	punct	_	_
26	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
27	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	30	nsubj	_	_
28	art	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	30	cop	_	_
29	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	foreigner	foreigner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	advcl	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
33	also	also	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
34	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	exile	exile	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	conj	_	_
36	from	from	ADP	IN	_	39	case	_	_
37	thine	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	39	nmod:poss	_	_
38	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	39	amod	_	_
39	place	place	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	35	nmod	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: offer
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | the king |  | Ittai |  | then |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to ittai=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | present | thou |  |  |  |  | with us; wherefore *property* | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with we=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **return** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **abide** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | with the king | tree rules |
| 5 | **is a** | present | thou | a foreigner and a exile from thine own place |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י לָ֧מָּה תֵלֵ֛ךְ גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ שׁ֣וּב וְשֵׁ֤ב עִם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כִּֽי־נָכְרִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וְגַם־גֹּלֶ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה לִמְקוֹמֶֽךָ׃

[2 Samuel 15:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.19/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:438` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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