---
title: 2 Samuel 15:22 (JPS 1917) — And David said to Ittai: 'Go and pass over.' And Ittai the Gittite p… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said to Ittai: 'Go and pass over.' And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him. Who acts: David, Ittai, little ones. 2 Samuel 15:22 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 15:22 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David said to Ittai: 'Go and pass over.' And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, Ittai, little ones · **What happens:** say, go, pass over, be · **To what, where:** Ittai · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 15:22 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Ittai, little ones), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:441
# text = And David said to Ittai: 'Go and pass over.' And Ittai the Gittite passed over, and all his men, and all the little ones that were with him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Ittai	Ittai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Go	go	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	pass	pass	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	8	conj	_	_
11	over	over	ADV	RP	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	10	punct	_	_
14	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
15	Ittai	Ittai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	Gittite	Gittite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	appos	_	_
18	passed	pass	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
19	over	over	ADP	RP	_	18	advmod	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	24	cc	_	_
22	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	24	det:predet	_	_
23	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
27	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	30	det:predet	_	_
28	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
29	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	30	amod	_	_
30	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	conj	_	_
31	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	34	nsubj	_	_
32	were	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	34	cop	_	_
33	with	with	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	acl:relcl	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: suggest
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  | Ittai |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to ittai=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **go** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **pass over** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  | over *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **pass over** | past | Ittai and Ittai's men and all little ones |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **is** | past | all little ones |  |  |  |  | with David | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֶל־אִתַּ֖י לֵ֣ךְ וַעֲבֹ֑ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֞ר אִתַּ֤י הַגִּתִּי֙ וְכָל־אֲנָשָׁ֔יו וְכָל־הַטַּ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃

[2 Samuel 15:22: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.22/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:441` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.440/)
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