--- title: 2 Samuel 15:23 (JPS 1917) — And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed… · tree and pragmatics description: And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed over; and as the king passed over the brook Kidron, all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness. Who acts: country, people, king. 2 Samuel 15:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clau --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.442/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [2 Samuel](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/) / [chapter 15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA/15/) / [15:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.23/) / JPS 1 # 2 Samuel 15:23 · JPS 1917 And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed over; and as the king passed over the brook Kidron, all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness. **Who acts:** country, people, king · **What happens:** weep, pass over, pass · **To what, where:** brook, way This is 2 Samuel 15:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (country, people, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:2SA:442 # text = And all the country wept with a loud voice, as all the people passed over; and as the king passed over the brook Kidron, all the people passed over, toward the way of the wilderness. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 4 det:predet _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 wept weep VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 with with ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 loud loud ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 voice voice NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obl _ _ 10 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 11 as as SCONJ IN _ 15 mark _ _ 12 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 14 det:predet _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nsubj _ _ 15 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 advcl _ _ 16 over over ADP RP _ 15 compound:prt _ _ 17 ; ; PUNCT : _ 31 punct _ _ 18 and and CCONJ CC _ 31 cc _ _ 19 as as SCONJ IN _ 22 mark _ _ 20 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 21 det _ _ 21 king king NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 22 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 31 advcl _ _ 23 over over ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 brook brook NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 obl _ _ 26 Kidron Kidron PROPN NNP Number=Sing 25 appos _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 28 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 30 det:predet _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 people people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 31 nsubj _ _ 31 passed pass VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 5 conj _ _ 32 over over ADP RP _ 31 compound:prt _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 36 punct _ _ 34 toward toward ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 way way NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 obl _ _ 37 of of ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 38 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 39 det _ _ 39 wilderness wilderness NOUN NN Number=Sing 36 nmod _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **weep** | past | all country | | | | | with a loud voice | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **pass over** | past | all people | | | | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **pass** | past | the king | | | the brook | | | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over brook=Location | | 4 | **pass over** | past | all people | | | the way of the wilderness | | | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme toward way=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בּוֹכִים֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם עֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹבֵר֙ בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ עֹבְרִ֔ים עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃ [2 Samuel 15:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.23/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:442` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [2 Samuel 15:22 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.441/) - next →: [2 Samuel 15:24 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/2SA.443/) - ↑ back to [2 Samuel 15:23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.23/)