---
title: 2 Samuel 15:31 (JPS 1917) — And one told David, saying: 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators wi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And one told David, saying: 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.' And David said: 'O LORD, I pray Thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.' Who acts: one, Ahithophel, David, I. 2 Samuel 15:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 15:31 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And one told David, saying: 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.' And David said: 'O LORD, I pray Thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.'

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**Who acts:** one, Ahithophel, David, I · **What happens:** tell, say, be, pray, turn · **To what, where:** David, Thee, counsel, foolishness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 15:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (one, Ahithophel, David, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:450
# text = And one told David, saying: 'Ahithophel is among the conspirators with Absalom.' And David said: 'O LORD, I pray Thee, turn the counsel of Ahithophel into foolishness.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	one	one	PRON	PRP	Number=Sing|PronType=Ind	3	nsubj	_	_
3	told	tell	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	iobj	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	3	advcl	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
8	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
9	Ahithophel	Ahithophel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
10	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
11	among	among	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	conspirators	conspirator	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	ccomp	_	_
14	with	with	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	nmod	_	_
16	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	13	punct	_	_
17	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	13	punct	_	_
18	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
19	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nsubj	_	_
20	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
21	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	27	punct	_	_
22	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	27	punct	_	_
23	O	o	INTJ	UH	_	24	discourse	_	_
24	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	27	vocative	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	27	nsubj	_	_
27	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	20	ccomp	_	_
28	Thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	27	obj	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
30	turn	turn	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	27	ccomp	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obj	_	_
33	of	of	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
34	Ahithophel	Ahithophel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	32	nmod	_	_
35	into	into	ADP	IN	_	36	case	_	_
36	foolishness	foolishness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	obl	_	_
37	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
38	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | one |  | David |  |  |  | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent david=Recipient |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | one *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is** | present | Ahithophel |  |  |  |  | among the conspirators; with Absalom | tree rules |
| 4 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 5 | **pray** | present | I | Thee |  |  |  | LORD *vocative* | tree rules |
| 6 | **turn** | infinitive | I *not said here* | the counsel of Ahithophel |  | foolishness |  |  | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V NP PP.trajectory»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme into foolishness=Trajectory |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְדָוִד֙ הִגִּ֣יד לֵאמֹ֔ר אֲחִיתֹ֥פֶל בַּקֹּשְׁרִ֖ים עִם־אַבְשָׁל֑וֹם וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֔ד סַכֶּל־נָ֛א אֶת־עֲצַ֥ת אֲחִיתֹ֖פֶל יְהוָֽה׃

[2 Samuel 15:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.15.31/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:450` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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