---
title: 2 Samuel 16:1 (JPS 1917) — And when David was a little past the top, behold, Ziba the servant o… · tree and pragmatics
description: And when David was a little past the top, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and a hundred clusters of raisins, and a hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine. Who acts: David, Ziba. 2 Samuel 16:1 in JPS 
---

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# 2 Samuel 16:1 · JPS 1917

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And when David was a little past the top, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and a hundred clusters of raisins, and a hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine.

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**Who acts:** David, Ziba · **What happens:** be, meet, saddle · **To what, where:** David, asses

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 16:1 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, Ziba), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:457
# text = And when David was a little past the top, behold, Ziba the servant of Mephibosheth met him, with a couple of asses saddled, and upon them two hundred loaves of bread, and a hundred clusters of raisins, and a hundred of summer fruits, and a bottle of wine.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
2	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	9	mark	_	_
3	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
4	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	9	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	little	little	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
7	past	past	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	top	top	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	advcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
11	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	18	discourse	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
13	Ziba	Ziba	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	nsubj	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	servant	servant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	appos	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Mephibosheth	Mephibosheth	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	met	meet	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
19	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	23	punct	_	_
21	with	with	ADP	IN	_	23	case	_	_
22	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	couple	couple	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
24	of	of	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	asses	ass	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nmod	_	_
26	saddled	saddle	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	acl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
29	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	nmod	_	_
31	two	two	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	32	compound	_	_
32	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	nummod	_	_
33	loaves	loaf	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	conj	_	_
34	of	of	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
35	bread	bread	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nmod	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	40	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	40	cc	_	_
38	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	39	det	_	_
39	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	40	nummod	_	_
40	clusters	cluster	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	conj	_	_
41	of	of	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
42	raisins	raisin	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	40	nmod	_	_
43	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	46	punct	_	_
44	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	46	cc	_	_
45	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	46	det	_	_
46	hundred	hundred	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	33	conj	_	_
47	of	of	ADP	IN	_	49	case	_	_
48	summer	summer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	49	compound	_	_
49	fruits	fruit	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	46	nmod	_	_
50	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	53	punct	_	_
51	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	53	cc	_	_
52	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	53	det	_	_
53	bottle	bottle	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	conj	_	_
54	of	of	ADP	IN	_	55	case	_	_
55	wine	wine	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	53	nmod	_	_
56	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	18	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is** | past | David |  |  |  |  | past the top | tree rules |
| 2 | **meet** | past | Ziba | David |  |  |  | with a couple of asses and hundred loaves upon asses of bread and hundred clusters of raisins and a bottle of wine | vn satisfy-55.7 «NP V NP PP»: agent=Agent he=Theme with couple=Instrument |
| 3 | **saddle** | participle |  | asses *not said here* |  |  |  |  | vn butter-9.9 «NP V NP.destination»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְדָוִ֗ד עָבַ֤ר מְעַט֙ מֵֽהָרֹ֔אשׁ וְהִנֵּ֥ה צִיבָ֛א נַ֥עַר מְפִי־בֹ֖שֶׁתמְפִי־בֹ֖שֶׁת לִקְרָאת֑וֹ וְצֶ֨מֶד חֲמֹרִ֜ים חֲבֻשִׁ֗ים וַעֲלֵיהֶם֩ מָאתַ֨יִם לֶ֜חֶם וּמֵאָ֧ה צִמּוּקִ֛ים וּמֵ֥אָה קַ֖יִץ וְנֵ֥בֶל יָֽיִן׃

[2 Samuel 16:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.1/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:457` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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