---
title: 2 Samuel 16:11 (JPS 1917) — And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son,… · tree and pragmatics
description: And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him. Who acts: David, son, Benjamite, LORD. 2 Samuel 16:11 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tre
---

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# 2 Samuel 16:11 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** David, son, Benjamite, LORD · **What happens:** say, come, seek, let, curse, bid · **To what, where:** Abishai, life, David · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is 2 Samuel 16:11 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David, son, Benjamite, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:468
# text = And David said to Abishai, and to all his servants: 'Behold, my son, who came forth of my body, seeketh my life; how much more this Benjamite now? let him alone, and let him curse; for the LORD hath bidden him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Abishai	Abishai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	11	cc	_	_
8	to	to	ADP	IN	_	11	case	_	_
9	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	11	det:predet	_	_
10	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	servants	servant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	conj	_	_
12	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	26	punct	_	_
13	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	26	punct	_	_
14	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	26	discourse	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
16	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	17	nmod:poss	_	_
17	son	son	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Rel	20	nsubj	_	_
20	came	come	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	17	acl:relcl	_	_
21	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	20	advmod	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
24	body	body	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	obl	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
26	seeketh	seek	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
27	my	my	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	28	nmod:poss	_	_
28	life	life	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	26	obj	_	_
29	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	37	punct	_	_
30	how	how	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	31	advmod	_	_
31	much	much	ADV	RB	_	32	advmod	_	_
32	more	more	ADV	RBR	Degree=Cmp	37	advmod	_	_
33	this	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	34	det	_	_
34	Benjamite	Benjamite	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	37	nsubj	_	_
35	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	37	advmod	_	_
36	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	37	punct	_	_
37	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
38	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	37	obj	_	_
39	alone	alone	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	xcomp	_	_
40	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	42	punct	_	_
41	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
42	let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	37	conj	_	_
43	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	42	obj	_	_
44	curse	curse	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	xcomp	_	_
45	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	50	punct	_	_
46	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	50	mark	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	50	nsubj	_	_
49	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	50	aux	_	_
50	bidden	bid	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	advcl	_	_
51	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	50	obj	_	_
52	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=decl, act=assert

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | David |  | Abishai and David's servants |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to abishai=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **come** | past | my son |  |  |  |  | of my body; forth *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme of body=Initial\_Location |
| 3 | **seek** | present | my son | my life |  |  |  |  | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent life=Theme |
| 4 | **let** | infinitive | this Benjamite | David |  |  | now | alone *property* | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
| 5 | **let** | infinitive | this Benjamite *not said here* | David |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **curse** | infinitive | David *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
| 7 | **bid** | present · perfect | the LORD | David |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר דָּוִ֤ד אֶל־אֲבִישַׁי֙ וְאֶל־כָּל־עֲבָדָ֔יו הִנֵּ֥ה בְנִ֛י אֲשֶׁר־יָצָ֥א מִמֵּעַ֖י מְבַקֵּ֣שׁ אֶת־נַפְשִׁ֑י וְאַ֨ף כִּֽי־עַתָּ֜ה בֶּן־הַיְמִינִ֗י הַנִּ֤חוּ לוֹ֙ וִֽיקַלֵּ֔ל כִּ֥י אָֽמַר־ל֖וֹ יְהוָֽה׃

[2 Samuel 16:11: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.11/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:468` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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