---
title: 2 Samuel 16:17 (JPS 1917) — And Absalom said to Hushai: 'Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Absalom said to Hushai: 'Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?' Who acts: Absalom, this, thou. 2 Samuel 16:17 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 16:17 · JPS 1917

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And Absalom said to Hushai: 'Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?'

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**Who acts:** Absalom, this, thou · **What happens:** say, be, not go · **To what, where:** Hushai, kindness · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 16:17 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Absalom, this, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:474
# text = And Absalom said to Hushai: 'Is this thy kindness to thy friend? why wentest thou not with thy friend?'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Absalom	Absalom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Hushai	Hushai	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	cop	_	_
9	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	11	nsubj	_	_
10	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	11	nmod:poss	_	_
11	kindness	kindness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	ccomp	_	_
12	to	to	ADP	IN	_	14	case	_	_
13	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	nmod	_	_
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
16	why	why	ADV	WRB	PronType=Int	17	advmod	_	_
17	wentest	go	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
18	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
19	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	17	advmod	_	_
20	with	with	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	friend	friend	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	obl	_	_
23	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	17	punct	_	_
24	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	17	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Absalom |  | Hushai |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient whether/if S»: agent=Pivot to hushai=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **is a** | present | this | thy kindness |  |  |  | to thy friend | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **go** | past | thou |  |  |  |  | with thy friend | vn help-72.1-2 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent with friend=Beneficiary |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְשָׁלוֹם֙ אֶל־חוּשַׁ֔י זֶ֥ה חַסְדְּךָ֖ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ לָ֥מָּה לֹֽא־הָלַ֖כְתָּ אֶת־רֵעֶֽךָ׃

[2 Samuel 16:17: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.16.17/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:474` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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