---
title: 2 Samuel 2:14 (JPS 1917) — And Abner said to Joab: 'Let the young men, I pray thee, arise and p… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Abner said to Joab: 'Let the young men, I pray thee, arise and play before us.' And Joab said: 'Let them arise.' Who acts: Abner, I, Joab. 2 Samuel 2:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# 2 Samuel 2:14 · JPS 1917

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And Abner said to Joab: 'Let the young men, I pray thee, arise and play before us.' And Joab said: 'Let them arise.'

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**Who acts:** Abner, I, Joab · **What happens:** say, let, pray, arise, play · **To what, where:** Joab, young men, thee · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is 2 Samuel 2:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Abner, I, Joab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:2SA:48
# text = And Abner said to Joab: 'Let the young men, I pray thee, arise and play before us.' And Joab said: 'Let them arise.'
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Abner	Abner	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	to	to	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	8	punct	_	_
8	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	11	det	_	_
10	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	11	amod	_	_
11	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	obj	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
13	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
14	pray	pray	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	parataxis	_	_
15	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	14	obj	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
17	arise	arise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	8	conj	_	_
18	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
19	play	play	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
20	before	before	ADP	IN	_	21	case	_	_
21	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	obl	_	_
22	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	8	punct	_	_
23	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	8	punct	_	_
24	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	Joab	Joab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	nsubj	_	_
26	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
27	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
28	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	29	punct	_	_
29	Let	let	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	ccomp	_	_
30	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obj	_	_
31	arise	arise	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	29	xcomp	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	29	punct	_	_
33	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	29	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Abner |  | Joab |  |  |  | vn indicate-78-1 «NP V PP.recipient that S»: agent=Pivot to joab=Experiencer clause=Topic |
| 2 | **let** | infinitive |  | the young men |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Theme |
| 3 | **pray** | present | I | thee |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **arise** | infinitive |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **play** | infinitive |  |  |  |  | before us |  | vn performance-26.7-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Joab |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 7 | **let** | infinitive |  | Joab |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 8 | **arise** | infinitive | Joab *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אַבְנֵר֙ אֶל־יוֹאָ֔ב יָק֤וּמוּ נָא֙ הַנְּעָרִ֔ים וִֽישַׂחֲק֖וּ לְפָנֵ֑ינוּ וַיֹּ֥אמֶר יוֹאָ֖ב יָקֻֽמוּ׃

[2 Samuel 2:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/2SA.2.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:2SA:48` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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